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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × Author: KAU × Author: Litty, Mathew × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2009 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Pathological observations of Ficus tsiela (Rox b) toxicity in rats
    (Centre for Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2009) Litty, Mathew; KAU; Divakaran Nair, N
    The present study entitled ‘Pathological Observations of Ficus tsiela (Rox b) Toxicity in rats’ was undertaken by administering the animals with different concentrations of fresh juice and alcoholic extract for a period of 21 days. The weekly body weights, clinical signs, haematology, biochemical parameters, gross pathology and histopathology of various organs were analysed to study the effect. Phytochemical evaluation of the fresh juice and extract was done and the oxidative damage of the liver was assessed by the estimation of lipid peroxides and reduced glutathione. Phytochemical evaluation of the fresh juice revealed the presence of detectable levels of tannins, glycosides, diterpenes, triterpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds whereas the ethanolic extract revealed the presence of tannins, phenolic compounds, diterpenes and triterpenes. The animals remained clinically normal throughout the experimental period and the body weight revealed a gradual increase. Hb, PCV, TLC and DLC revealed no variation whereas ALP, creatinine and CK values showed a significant increase in the higher dose groups. There was no variation in the level of blood sugar. There was an increase in the lipid peroxides and reduction in the glutathione in the liver homogenate which indicated oxidative damage. Gross lesions were not observed in the internal organs except congestion and diffuse enlargement of the kidney and liver in the highest dose group. Focal necrotic spots were present in the liver. Tubular and glomerular degeneration and necrosis of the kidney, sinusoidal congestion and multifocal necrosis of the liver, depletion of colloid and variation in the size of follicles of the thyroid gland, medullary cyst in the adrenal gland, goblet cell hyperplasia of intestine, intermuscular haemorrhage in the heart, reactive spleen with multiple cortical follicles with germinal centres, peribronchial lymphoid hyperplasia in the lungs were the lesions observed. The brain, spinal cord and pituitary did not reveal any signs of intoxication. The study revealed that the fresh juice and ethanolic extract at higher doses are nephro-hepatotoxic but not neurotoxic to rats.