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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × Author: Abhijith Thampan × End date: 2014 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Pathology of deltamethrin toxicity in chick embryo
    (Centre of Excellence in Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2007) Abhijith Thampan; KAU; Divakaran Nair, N
    The present study was taken up to investigate the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of deltamethrin along with the effects on antioxidant mechanisms and on haematological parameters. The weight of the embryo, bursa and spleen, histopathology of liver, kidney, brain, heart, spleen, bursa and thymus, antioxidant assay which includes estimation of super oxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation , reduced glutathione, and haematological parameters such as total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, haemoglobin concentration, , heterophil percentage, lymphocyte percentage and heterophil lymphocyte ratio along with blood glucose level were the parameters analysed to study the effects. The study revealed a dose related increase in the embryo mortality in the treatment groups with a maximum of 18 percent in group VI inoculated with 1600ppm of deltamethrin. Deltamethrin was found to be teratogenic at the given dose levels. The anomalies observed were shorter lower beak (prognathism), curled toe, stumpy toes, syndactylism, shortened left limb, edema of the head and crossed beak and live sticky chicks. Deltamethrin did not cause any significant gross lesions in the developing embryos except mild haemorrhages. Deltamethrin did not result in any significant reduction in the weight of the embryos or the weight of lymphoid organs. On histopathological examination deltamethrin was found to be hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic which was evident by varying degrees of degeneration and necrosis in liver and kidney. Effect on lymphoid organs like spleen, thymus and bursa were mild to moderate with predominance of degenerative changes. Dose related changes were also observed in the heart which included vacuolar degeneration, thinning of fibres , myolysis and inter muscular haemorrhage. At the highest dose levels, deltamethrin caused significant brain lesions like gliosis, dark neurons, spongiform changes, neovascularisation and neuronal necrosis. Antioxidant assay on liver tissue at 200 and 400ppm dose levels revealed the potent hepatotoxic effects of deltamethrin mediated through free radicals as indicated by an increase in the lipid peroxidase and decrease in reduced glutathione and super oxide dismutase. Deltamethrin also resulted in significant increase in blood glucose level and reduction in haemoglobin concentration of exposed chicks maintatined for four weeks.