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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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1977 - 197921980 - 19824
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Subject: Veterinary Parasitology × Author: KAU × End date: 1983 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the pathogenicity of tetrameres mohtedai and acuaria spiralis of fowl
    (Department of parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1977) Ramaswamy, K; KAU; Sundaram, R K
    Controlled experiments were conducted at three levels of monospecific and dispecific infections with two commonly occurring spirurid worms of fowls viz. Tetrameres mohtedai and Acuaria spiralis. The blood studies conducted in monospecific T. mohtedai infection revealed a normocytic normochromic anaemia and eosinophilia during the initial phase and later a macrocytic anaemia, heterophilia and slight monocytosis by 66th day post infection. The infected birds lost considerable amount of their body weight. In layers there was a great delay in sexual maturity and poor feed efficiency as indicated by greatly reduced egg production. The percentage of establishment of worms in these experiments were found to be inversely proportional to the number of juveniles administered. The pathological changes in the affected proventriculi indicated an acute inflammation during the invasive phase of juveniles, followed by a chronic reaction which by 55th day post infection was well established indicating the development of a host – parasite balance towards the later stages of infection. Among the blood changes in monospecific A. spiralis infection, eosinophilia was evident initially followed by a marked leucopenia and development of a macrocytic hypochromic anaemia. Other effects due to parasitism were, delayed maturity, reduced rate of egg production, poor feed efficiency, loss of weight, emaciation and a mortality rate of 25% in chicks. The gross pathological changes in Acuariasis included the appearance of an irregular whitish patch on the serosa and formation of nodular growths in the mucosa which in heavy infections occupy the whole of the mucous membrane. Juveniles of A. spiralis were found to invade the compound glands in very heavy infections. The microscopic changes indicate a severe acute inflammation during the initial stages. Later as the disease became chronic pedunculated fibro – adenamatoid growths were evident on the mucous membrane. In dispecific infections with T. mohtedai and A. spiralis the haematological changes observed were eosinophilia during the early stages followed by a l eucopenia and heterophilia. As the disease progressed a macrocytic hypochromic anaemia developed. There was a great decrease in the live body weight of the infected birds. A mortality of 33.33% were observed in chicks with heavy infection. In layers the sexual maturity was delayed and egg production was greatly suppressed with consequent poor feed utilization. The gross and microscopic changes found in the affected proventriculi indicated a combination of lesions observed under monospecific infections of both the parasites. The results obtained show that the loss due to morbidity (mainly as a result of decreased body weight and reduced rate of egg production) was considerable. These facts indicate that both T. mohtedai and A. spiralis are economically important.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the incidence , pathogenicity and control of gastro- intestinal nematodes In crossbred calves in Kerala with special reference to strongyloidosis
    (Department of parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1980) Sukumara Pillai, G; KAU; Chandrasekharan, K
    The non – descript and cross bred Calves of Kerala were infected with eight species of gastro – intestinal nematodes viz. Strongyloides papillosus, Neoascaris vitutorum, Cooperia sp., Haemonchus contortus, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, and Trichuris globulosa and of which Strongyloides papillosus was the commonest. Incidence of namatodes was more in cross bred calves (64.8 per cent) as compared to non – desctipt calves (51.52 per cent). Out of the cross bred calves, Jersey cross bred calves were found to more susceptible to nematodiasis. Nematodiasis was observed more during the rainy season of the State (June to August). Morphological features of adult worms and infective larvae were redescribed in detail. Strongyloides papillosus produced catarrhal enteritis and frequent diarrhoea in naturally infected cross bred calves. Thiophanate at 100 mg per kg body weight, Mebendazole at 15 mg per kg body weight, Levamisole at 15 mg per kg body weight., Thiabendazole at 100 mg per kg body weight, Tetramisole hydrochloride at 20 mg per kg body weight, Morantel tartrate at 15 mg per kg body weight and parbendazole at 45 mg per kg body weight exerted 100 per cent efficacy against Strongyloides papillosus, whereas, Fenbendazole at 5 mg per kg body weight showed only 83 to 100 per cent efficacy against Strongyloides papillosus, 78 to 100 per cent against ascariasis, 85 to 100 per cent against Strongylosis and 50 to 100 per cent against Trichuriasis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Pathogenicity of acuaria hamulosa to chicken
    (Department of parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1980) Ganeswara Rao, Y; KAU; Kalyanasundaram, R
    Controlled experiments were conducted with commonly occurring spirurid worm of chicken, Acuaria hamulosa, in two breeds of chicken, namely the White Leghorn (an egg strain) and the White Plymouth Rock (a broiler strain). The blood changes conducted revealed an initial leucocytosis from 14th day to 36th day, followed by heterophilia from 43rd day to 70th day post infection, and a mild eosinophilia throughout the experimental period. The infected White Plymouth Rock birds lost considerable amount of their body weight. In White Leghorn layers, there was great delay in sexual maturity and poor feed efficiency as indicated by reduced egg production. The percentage of establishment in the experiment was found to be not correlated to the infective dose. The pathological changes in the affected gizzards indicated an acute inflammation during the invasive phase of juveniles, followed by a chronic reaction, which by 60th day post infection was well established indicating the development of a host – parasite balances, towards the later stages of infection.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Incidence and treatment of cestodes of dogs in Kerala with special reference to the taenid species
    (Department of parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1982) Narendran Nair, P; KAU; Pythal, C
    Five species of cestodes, viz., dipylidium cenium, Taenia hydatigens, Echinococcus granulosus, Joyeuxiella pasqualei and Diphyllobothrium latum were encountered in dogs in Kerala, of which diphylidium ceninum was the commonest. The incidence of Dipylidium caninum was the highest in animals of the age group of above 5 years, while that of joyeuxiella pasqualei was highest in animals of the age group of above 6 months and upto one year. Echinococcus granuloscus and Taenia hydatigens were most prevalent in the age group of above 5 years. Examination of faecal samples of dogs also revealed that Dipylidium caninum was the most prevalent cestode of dogs. Albendazole at 25 mg/kg body weight. Fenbendazole at 10mg/kg body weight. Hexachlorphene at 15mg/kg body weight, mebendazole at 15 mg/kg body weight repeated for 3 days , niclosamide at 62.5 per Kg body weight and praziquantel at 2.5 mg/kg body weight could remove taenia hydatigena completely. Fenbendazole at 20 mg/kg body weight had an efficacy of only 40% against Ecinococcus granulosus. Fenbendazole at 10mg/kg bodyweight, Mebendazole at 15 mg/kg body weight repeated for 3 days. Niclosamide at125 mg/kg body weight and praziquantel at 5 mg/kg body weight had also 100% efficacy against Dipylidium caninum.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the flies producing cutaneous myiasis in domestic animals in Trichur
    (Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 1978) Subramanian, H; KAU; Raja Mohanan, K
    A detailed study on the incidence of cutaneous myiasis among domestic animals in Trichur, the morphology and biology of the causative flies and the efficacy of indigenous oils and chemicals as repellents against these flies were undertaken. Cutaneous myiasis was found common among domestic animals in Trichur during the months of October to May, the maximum number being, during January to March. The cases were observed in cattle, buffaloes, goats and dogs. The most common causative fly was Chrysomyia bezziana, but other flies such as Chrysomyia megacephala, Chrysomyia rufifacies and Lucilia cuprina were also observed. In cattle and buffaloes, the lesions were noted mostly in vulval lips and nasal septa where as in goats and dogs the cases were observed on the body skin. The flies of Chrysomyia megacephala, Chrysomyia rufifacies, Chrysomyia nigripes, Lucilia cuprina and Sarcophaga ruficornis were reared in the laboratory to study their morphology and biology. The larvae of Lucilia cuprina and Sarcophaga ruficornis were smooth. Chrysomyia bezziana, Chrysomyia megacephala and Chrysomyia nigripes were spiny and Chrysomyia rufifacies hairy. Chrysomyia rufifacies had the shortest life cycle period of 16 days and Sarcophaga ruficornis had the longest of 26 days. Lucilia cuprina could be reared in the laboratory for 71 days. The invitro development of the larvae, the development of the pupae and the process of fly emergence of Chrysomyia megacephala and Sarcophaga ruficornis were studied in detail. Among the fly repellents tested, lemongrass oil proved to be the best one in possessing fly repellent potentially followed by camphor in oil and Eucalyptus oil against blowflies and Sarcophaga species. Kerosine oil and Turpentine oil possessed the maximum larvicidal action on the larvae of Chrysomyia megacephala and Sarcophaga ruficornis. Turpentine oil and pine oil possessed excellent ovicidal action on Lucilia cuprina eggs even on smearing.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Fresh water cercarial fauna of Trichur
    (Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1982) Ambika Prasad, Sarmah; KAU; Raja Mohan, K
    An investigation on the cercarial fauna of fresh water snails in Trichur was conducted for a period of one year (1981 – 1982). Three species of snails viz. Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes), Lymnaea luteola f. australis and Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata were collected from different areas in Trichur. Snails were found to thrive throughout the year if water is available. Seven different types of cercariae could be identified in the present study. They were – 1. An amphistome cercaria of the pigmentata group referable to Cercaria indica XXVI Sewell, 1922 2. An echinostomatid cercaria, further confirmed as cercaria of Hypoderaeum conoideum 3. A xiphidiocercaria resembling Cercaria indica X Sewell, 1922 4. A brevifurcate, non – ocellate, apharyngeal cercaria referable to cercaria of Schistosoma spindale 5. A longifercate cercaria referable to Cercaria hardayali Dutt, 1970 6. A gymnocephalous cercaria resembling Cercaria indica XIV Sewell, 1922 7. Amonostome cercaria comparable to Cercaria indica VII Sewell, 1922 The maximum incidence of cercarial infection in snails was found in the month of August, Mixed infection of cercariae was observed in one Indo plannorbis exustus (Deshayes) and one Lymnaea luteola f. australis snails. The emergence character and detailed morphology of all these cercariae were studied and compared with the available literature. Experimental infection to raise the adults from the larval stage of a trematode was successfully carried out using cercaria of Hypoderaeum conoideum.