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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Veterinary Parasitology × Author: Deepa, C K × Start date: 2000 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of goats
    (Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2005) Deepa, C K; KAU; Devada, K
    Investigation on the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in Thrissur Corporation area was carried out by detecting faecal eggs and larvae after coprological examination and coproculture respectively. The faecal samples for coprological examination were collected from animals brought to the University Veterinary hospitals, Kokkalai and Mannuthy, University Goat and Sheep farm and from nearby houses around Mannuthy. Screening of faecal samples of 320 goats during the period of study from June 2004 to May 2005 revealed 114 as positive (35.63 per cent). The type of positive infection noted were Strongyle (95.61 per cent) and Strongyloides (4.38 per cent) infection. Monthwise prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes showed maximum infection in May (48 per cent) while a lower prevalence in August (28 per cent). Seasonwise, the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes was found to be 30.7 per cent, 33.33 per cent and 39.13 per cent during cold wet South West monsoon (heavy rainfall), warm wet North East monsoon (low rainfall) and dry season respectively. The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes was observed to be higher in young goats below one year (42.10 per cent) and in females (85.96 per cent ) than males (14.03 per cent). There was no significant variation between breeds and management . The species of nematodes encountered were Haemonchus contortus (55.26 per cent), Oesophagostomum columbianum (13.15per cent), Trichostrongylus colubriformis (21.05 per cent), Bunostomum trigonocephalum (6.14 per cent) and Strongyloides papillosus (4.38 per cent). The comparative biometry of various infective larvae of the commonly found nematodes were noted. Resistance to various anthelmintics by the nematodes in goats of the University Goat and Sheep farm, Mannuthy were detected by the methods namely Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) and Egg Hatch Test (EHT). Forty kids aged between three to six months were used for this purpose. Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test revealed resistance to albendazole, ivermectin and morantel citrate by the gastrointestinal nematodes. The drugs namely albendazole, ivermectin and morantel citrate showed a per cent worm reductions of 30, 53, 45 with 52, 34 and 62 as lower 95 per cent confidence limits. Specific resistance to benzimidazole group by EHT showed the ED50 value of albendazole (µg per ml) in EHT to be 0.211556 which further established resistance to albendazole by the gastrointestinal nematodes of goats. Anthelmintic resistance is best controlled in the ground level by the use of correct type of anthelmintics at the correct dose against nematodes in goats. Breeding for disease resistance, development and use of vaccines and biological control using nematophagous fungi are the prospective methods for the control of anthelmintic resistance.