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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Veterinary Microbiology × Author: KAU × Author: Manoharan S × End date: 1994 × Start date: 1994 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Antigens of pasteurella multocida isolates from rabbit and their immunologencity
    (Department of microbiology, College of veterinary and animal sciences, Mannuthy, 1994) Manoharan S; KAU; Jayaprakasan, V
    Two rabbit strains viz. R9 S and R23 S and a bovine vaccine strain P – 52 which were maintained in virulent form, were used for the preparation of three forms of antigen viz., heat inactivated crude extract, KSCN extract and sonicated antigen. These antigens were chemically analysed for protein and carbohydrate contents and were found to be higher in the sonicated antigen preparation irrespective of the source. In SDS – PAGE analysis, the profiles discerned by heat inactivated crude extract, KSCN extract and sonicated antigens were four, five and six protein bands with molecular weights lesser than 68 kDa while the KSCN extract and sonicated antigen presented an additional protein band with molecular weight higher than 68 kDa. Three types of antigen of P. multocida were characterized and analysed for the inter relationship and the immunogenic potential in mice. Antiserum was raised against each antigenic preparation from the three strains in rabbits and used for serological study. In AGPT and immunoelectrophoresis the serum developed multiple precipitin lines and arcs respectively when reacted against the three homologous and two heterologous antigens in which a few were identical to the heterologous antigens. The results revealed stronger serological relationship between the two rabbit strains than with the cattle strain and the heterogeneity of the sonicated antigen. The antibody titre in each antiserum was measured by IHA using the sensitized GA – SRBC/T – GA – SRBC and the titres were more in the homologous antiserum and high titre for the heterologous serum was seen with the sonicated antigen. The LD50 determined for the three strains R9 S, R23 S and P- 52 was found to be 3 x 104 , 3 x 103 and 3 x 105 bacteria. Immunogenic potential of the three antigens and an adjuvanted sonicated antigen were tested in mice by giving two doses of vaccine at 14 days interval and challenging on 21st day with homologous and heterologous strains. A higher percentage of protection was conferred by homologous strains and it was cent per cent (100%) with sonicated antigen. The percentage of protection against challenge with heterologous strains was low. An elaborated study on immunity trials with these immunogens is needed before recommending the R23 S as a candidate vaccine strain.