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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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1994 - 19996
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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × Author: KAU × End date: 1999 × Start date: 1990 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Metabolic profile of ketotic crossbred dairy cows
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1999) Manoj Johnson; KAU; Balakrishnan, V S
    A study of the metabolic profile in ketotic cows in field conditions was undertaken. Twenty field cases of clinical ketosis in crossbred cows which attended the outpatient unit of university veterinary Hospital, Mannuthy selected at random, were utilized for the study. Similarly twelve healthy dairy cows of identical field conditions during the vulnerable period of ketosis., i.e., within two months of calving, selected at random 90nstituted the control group. Samples of b19od, urine and milk from both healthy and ketotic animals were collected and analysed for various parameters using standard methods. economic loss was also carried out. Analysis of Data collected from the diseased animals indicated a high incidence among Jersey crossbreds during summer. Cows aged three to six years and in their second or third lactation showed more incidence. Most of the ketotic cows were within the first five weeks of calving~ , Other than the usual signs ~eported by earlier workers, frequent falling down and biting of chain, rope and crossbars of the manger were also noticed. The clinical data were in physiological limits. Examination of haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) did not reveal any significant difference between ketotic and healthy cows. Biochemically blood glucose, phosphorus, magnesium and total protein, albumin and globulin showed significant decrease and blood urea nitrogen and ketone bodies in blood showed significant increase among diseased cows. However serum calcium, sodium and potassium did not vary significantly among the two groups. Urine and milk from the both the groups were examined and varying concentrations of ketone bodies were detected. Various managemental aspects for the prevention and control of ketosis were discussed.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Clinico-therapeutic studies on mycotic dermatitis of dogs
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1998) Vinu David, P; KAU; Baby, P G
    Incidence of mycotic dermatitis among the total canine cases presented at the University Veterinary ,Hospitals, Kokkalai and Mannuthy for a period from September 1996 to August 1998 was found to be 5.13 per cent. Among the total dermatological disorders 28.72 per cent had mycotic dermatitis. Age, breed and sex wise incidence were collected. This showed an increased incidence in adult dogs, mostly in German Shepherds and that too in females. Detailed clinical examination revealed scaliness, alopecia, pruritus and erythema in all cases. Lesions were r:' mainly localized, extremely variable in configuration and majority were distributed on head and limbs. Skin scrapings collected and examined under microscope showed the presence of ectothrix arrangement of fungal spores. Mean total and differential count of leukocytes were found to be within the normal range for all cases. A total of four dermatophytes and 17 non-dermatophytes were isolated by fungal culture. Dermatophytes isolated were three Microsporum gypseum and one Trichophyton mentagrophytes spp. Non-dermatophytes isolated were eight Penicillium, six Aspergillus and three Rhizopus spp. In vitro antifungal susceptibility tests on the fungal isolates obtained showed a high sensitivity to cinnamon oil at a dilution of 1 in 10, followed by ketoconazole at 20 ~g and Sphaeranthus indicus extract at 50 mg concentrations. Response to treatment trials conducted on dogs with mycotic dermatitis using ketoconazole o i.nt.ment; showed therapeutic response in five out of seven cases. No response was noticed in dogs even after the course of tr~atment with S. indicus extract. Complete recovery was noticed in all animals treated with cinnamon oil.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ecg and biochemical changes in induced rumen acidosis in goats
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1998) Shihabudheen, P K; KAU; Usha Narayana Pillai
    An experiment was carried out with twelve adult goats of either sex to study the clinical manifestations of ruminal acidosis, changes in the rumen liquor, haematology, serum biochemistry, changes in the urine, electrocardiogram variations and postmortem lesions. The goats were maintained under identical management and feeding cond'itions at University Goat Farm, Mannuthy and were selected at random. One group of six animals served as healthy controls and the other group was subjected to rumen fistulation by standard surgical procedures. Acidosis was induced by intraruminal administration of crushed rice at the rate of 80 g/kg. Clinical signs were recorded, samples of rumen liquor, blood and urine were collected and electrocardiogram was recorded at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of experiment. Clinical signs noticed were anorexia, increased pulse and respiratory rate, depression, cessation of ruminal contractions, oliguria, diarrhoea, sunken eyes, thick nasal discharge and grinding of teeth. Rumen liquor was creamy coloured, watery with sour odour and the pH was 4.16 ± 0.05 and without any protozoa. There was no sedimentation activity and MBRT was prolonged. initially increased and then reduced. TVFA There was nonsignificant increase in haemoglobin, haemotocrit and cell:fluid ratio with significant increase in ESR, leukocytosis with significant neutrophilia and lymphopenia were also present. A significant increase in the serum glucose, phosphorus, magnesiu~, sodium, potassium lactate, pyruvate and lactate:pyruvate ratio were observed after induction. Significant r educ t i.on in calcium level also noted. Urine pH reduced and there was protein, RBC cast, leukocytes, renal epithelial cells and tripple phosphate crystals in the urine. ECG showed increase in heart rate, reduction in 'P' amplitude, P duration, QT interval and PR interval. 'T' amplitude increased nonsignificantly with a significant increase in 'T' duration. Sinus tachycardia, ST elevation and ST depression were also observed. Post mortem lesions included sloughing of rumen mucosa, abomasal ulcers, severe enteritis, focal necrosis of liver, cholestasis, congestion of lungs and kidney, dilatation of heart and oedema of brain.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Seromonitoring and Diagnosis of Canine Distemper
    (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1998) Kanagaraj, C; KAU; Saseendranath, M R
    The prevalence of canine distemper in three hundred and three dogs from different parts of Thrissur including 113 canine distemper suspected dogs and 190 healthy and vaccinated dogs was studied. Among 113 canine distemper suspected dogs, 11.5 per cent and 7.96 per cent had the CD viral antigen in lacrimal and nasal discharge, respectively by AGID. Counter immuno electrophoresis detected CD viral antigen in 16.81 per cent and 7.96 per cent dogs using lacrimal and nasal discharge, respectively. Canine distemper inclusions were detected in corneal impression smears of 3.53 per cent dogs by Giemsa staining and CD viral antigens were detected in 62.83 per cent cases of suspected dogs by indirect immunoperoxidase test. AGID and CIEP detected canine distemper viral antibody in 7.96 per cent cases of CD suspected dogs. Healthy and vaccinated dogs showed negative reaction. Out of 303 dogs tested by indirect ELISA 66~66 per cent dogs had the protective level of antibody against CDV. Among 104 seropositive dogs of CD suspected, the antibody titres of -.: 1:100, 1:200, 1:400, 1:800 and 1:1600 were present in 22 (21.15 per cent), 18 (17.3 per cent), 11 (10.57 per cent), 17 (16.34 per cent) and 36 (34.61 per cent) cases, respectively. In the 15 seropositive dogs which were vaccinated against CD, the antibody titres of 1:100, 1:200 and 1:400 were present in 3 (20 per cent), 5 (33.33 per cent) and 7 (46.66 per cent) cases, respectively. The healthy dogs screened for the presence of CD viral antibody, 83 (48 per cent) cases were positive to CD and the antibody titres of 1:100, 1:200 and 1:400 were present in 36 (43.37 per cent), 33 (39.76 per cent) and 14 (16.86 per cent) cases, respectively. More seropositive dogs were recorded in the dogs below 3 years of age and in male dogs. Among the breeds, Alsatian were more affected. Seasonal prevalence in the present study was higher during May, June and July followed by January and February.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Low milk fat syndrome in crossbred dairy cows
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1997) Sivaraman, S; KAU; Alex, P C
    The epidemiology, haematological and and biochemical changes in blood and pattern of rumen fermentation in low milk fat syndrome cows were studied. Ten cases (below 3.5% milk fat) and six control animals (above 3.5% milk fat) were investigated. Rumen liquor, blood and composite milk samples were collected on three occasions viz. 30th, 60th, and 90th day of lactation and selected parameters were studied. There was no significant difference in the physical characters, pH, SAT, MBRT protozoal motility and protozoal count of rumen liquor. Significant reduction in the rumen total volatile fatty acid and the acetic : propionic ratio (A:P) was noticed in the low milk fat group. Significant decrease in acetic acid and increase in propionic acid was observed in the low milk fat group. There was no significant difference in haemoglobin, haematocrit, and TEC between the control and low milk fat groups. No significant difference was noticed in the serum triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose level between the control and low milk fat groups.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Dry-cow therapy for control of mastitis in cow
    (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1994) Pradeepkumar, P R; KAU; Baby, K
    Efficacy of dry – cow therapy with benzathine cloxacillin (500 mg) and procaine penicillin (100,000 IU) plus furaltadone (500 mg) in preventing intramammary infections and clinical and subclinical mastitis during the dry period and first three months of lactation were studied. Both the treatments were significantly effective in controlling intramammary infections during the dry period but, not during the subsequent lactation. Although there was an apparent reduction in subclinical mastitis during lactation in animals treated with benzathine cloxacillin, there was no significant difference between incidences of clinical and subclinical mastitis in treated and untreated groups. Gentamicin and chloramphenicol were found to be the most effective antibiotics against gram – positive organisms isolated from cases of mastitis and oxytetracycline the least effective. Intramammary infections with staphylococci are better controlled by benzathine cloxacillin as against streptococcus which is better controlled by penicillin plus furaltadone.