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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics × Author: KAU × Author: Sandhya, Achuthan × End date: 2007 × Start date: 2000 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ultrasonographic assessment of superovulatory response in crossbred malabari goats
    (Department of Reproduction Gynaecology and Obstertrics, College Veterinary and Animal Science, Mannuthy, 2007) Sandhya, Achuthan; KAU; Sreekumaran, T
    A study was conducted to monitor the ovarian changes ultrasonographically in response to the superovulatory treatment in the crossbred Malabari goats and to compare the sonological findings with the direct visual appraisal of the ovaries. Six does were superovulated with 133mg pFSH after the induction of oestrum using 1.5 mg norgestomet and 10 mg prostaglandin. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed during the various stages of the superovulatory treatment to ascertain the follicular development and dynamics in the responding does. Scanning done on the day of first dose of FSH treatment revealed the dominance of small follicles (10.83 + 1.70). By the day of AI small follicles reduced significantly and the number of medium as well as large follicles reached maximum (8.17 + 0.60 and 6.83 + 0.83 respectively). Ovary appeared distinctly enlarged due to the predominance of medium and large follicles. Ultrasonography was also performed on the previous day of embryo flushing to detect the ovulation rate which gave an indication regarding the probable embryo yield. On day eighth after the onset of oestrus the does were subjected to surgical embryo collection and during this procedure, the superovulatory responses on both the ovaries were noted. Ovulation rate detected by ovarian ultrasonography was significantly lower than that observed on direct visual examination of the ovaries. Out of the six animals selected for this study, three of them showed extensive adhesions in their reproductive tract and they failed to yield any embryo despite the presence of multiple ovulation sites on their ovaries. From the remaining three animals, a total of 22 embryo/ova could be recovered. The percentage of embryo recovery was found to be 50.1 and 82.18 of the recovered embryos were fertilized. The quality of the recovered embryos were assessed based on their morphology and developmental stage. The present study indicated that ovarian ultrasonography helped to detect the follicle numbers as well as dynamics in the superovulated does. However, due to the underestimation of the closely lying CL, the inability to differentiate the prematurely regressing CL from the healthy ones and the presence of reproductive tract adhesions in the animals subjected to repeated embryo collection, the ovulation rate assessed by ultrasonography and that determined by direct visual examination of ovaries differed significantly. The accuracy of this technique can be improved by eliminating animals subjected to repeated embryo collection and by minimizing the stressful situations due to the high frequency of manipulations and ultrasound scanning. The advancements in the ultrasonographic techniques and instruments in addition to the expertise of the technician will contribute for identifying follicular development in both normal cycling and superovulated does, thereby making it an integral part in the routine embryo collection and transfer in goats.