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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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20211
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Subject: Spices, Plantation and Medicinal and Aromatic Plants × Author: Maheswari, R S Nair × Start date: 1960 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Protocol development for gel stabilization and nutraceuticals in aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.
    (Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2021) Maheswari R S Nair; KAU; Sreekala, G S
    The investigation entitled “Protocol development for gel stabilization and nutraceuticals in Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.” was carried out in the Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during March 2016 to December 2019. The project envisaged formulation of a low cost stabilization technique for aloe gel using herbal extracts and aromatic oils and development of protocols for the preparation of dried latex and marketable nutraceuticals using aloe gel. The study was carried out as four experiments. The first experiment was to study the keeping quality and natural spoilage flora of fresh gel while the second experiment was for the standardization of curacao aloe (dried latex). The third experiment was on gel stabilization using herbal extracts and essential oils. Preparation of nutraceuticals from the stabilized liquidized aloe gel juice was the final experiment. The keeping quality and natural spoilage flora of fresh gel were assessed by subjecting the liquidized aloe gel juice to storage in glass bottles under ambient condition for seven days. The liqudized aloe gel juice was off white in colour for first three days of extraction with mild vegetative odour and got sedimented with foul smell from fourth day onwards. The liquidized aloe juice could not be stored for more than a day due to increased microbial population from the second day of storage. Preliminary trails conducted by pasteurizing the liquidized aloe gel juice at 65 0C and 15 psi pressure for 13 minutes followed by flash cooling registered no microbial population even after seven days of storage. The latex collected from aloe leaves was subjected to different methods of drying such as boiling followed by cooling, sun drying, shade drying and oven drying. Appearance, colour and aloin content (271.62 mg/ml) of dried latex was significantly higher for shade drying. Liquidized aloe gel juice was pasteurized and added with varying concentrations of three forms (aqueous, tincture, decoction) of herbal extracts and essential oils after adjusting the pH to 3.5 by adding 0.5 per cent of citric acid for gel stabilization. The treated samples were kept for a month and based on microbial population and minimum inhibitory concentration best treatment of each form was selected from preliminary trials for aloe gel stabilization. Gymnema sylvestre aqueous extract (1 ml), tincture (1 ml), decoction (2 ml), Centella asiatica aqueous extract (1 ml), tincture (2 ml), decoction (1 ml), Achyranthes aspera aqueous extract (2 ml), tincture (2 ml), decoction (1.50 ml), Tridax procumbens aqueous extract (2 ml), tincture (2 ml) , decoction (1 ml), Terminalia chebula aqueous extract (1 ml), tincture (1 ml), decoction (1 ml), Punica granatum aqueous extract (1 ml), tincture (2 ml), decoction (1 ml), green tea aqueous extract (2 ml), tincture (1 ml) and decotion (2 ml) and 1 ml each of sacred basil oil, lemon grass oil, cinnamon bark oil, clove oil and cardamom oil were selected and added to pH adjusted , pasteurized and liquidized aloe gel juice (25 ml) for gel stabilization. The gel stabilization was thus done using the selected twenty six treatments in a Completely Randomised Design replicated five times and compared with 0.08 per cent sodium benzoate as control and stored for six months. Appearance, colour and odour of all forms of the herbal extracts reduced on storage while those treatments with aromatic oils showed lesser percentage reduction in these parameters. Total solids, amylase and lipase activity decreased on storage. The amino acid content was the highest for liquidized aloe gel juice added with aqueous, tincture and decoction of Achyranthes aspera (0.08 ppm).Vitamin A and C were highest for treatment with green tea leaf aqueous extract which decreased subsequently on storage. An increase in microbial load was observed for all the treatments with herbal extracts from first month of storage. But addition of 1 ml clove oil resulted in stabilization of liquidized aloe gel juice which could be stored upto five months without microbial contamination or affecting the nutritive and sensory parameters. Nutraceuticals were prepared using stabilized liquidized aloe gel juice containing clove oil blended with lemon juice, orange juice and honey in proportions of 50 : 50, 75 : 25 and 90 : 10 followed by pasteurization, flash cooling and stored for 6 months. Appearance, colour and vitamin C were significantly higher for Lemon juice (50 ml) + Liquidized aloe gel juice (50 ml) + 2 ml clove oil while odour, taste, overall acceptability, pH, TSS, carbohydrates and calories were significantly superior for Honey (50 ml) + Liquidized aloe gel juice (50 ml) + 2 ml clove oil. Growth of microbes could be detected from third month of storage for all the treatments. Aloe health drink with honey in the ratio 50 : 50 added with clove oil were selected as the accepted drink which could be preserved for two months without microbial contamination. The preparation of aloe herbal powder by solar drying, air drying, oven drying or freeze drying resulted in a sticky product which could not be reconstituted with distilled water for quality comparison with fresh gel, thus warranting further investigation. The present study revealed that liquidized aloe gel juice pasteurized and mixed with clove oil (4 per cent) is a low cost stabilization method which can be taken as a base material for the preparation of health drink. The nutraceutical with liquidized and stabilized aloe gel juice mixed with equal proportion of honey and preserved with clove oil is a palatable drink having higher calories which could be stored for two months. The dried aloe latex a byproduct produced by shade drying is superior with high aloin content and can also be used for the development of marketable product.