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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Spices, Plantation and Medicinal and Aromatic Plants × Author: Anand, Kankanawadi × Author: KAU × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Screening somaclones of ginger (Zingiber cfficinale rosc.) for value addition
    (College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2015) Anand, Kankanawadi; KAU; KAU; Alice, Kurian
    The present study entitled “Screening somaclones of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) for value addition” was taken up at College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 2013-15 to evaluate forty somaclones for quality attributes and value addition. These forty somaclones were selected from a base population of 289 somaclones, developed through indirect organogenesis and indirect embryogenesis with and without mutagenesis from three cultivars (two induced polyploids Z-0-78, Z-0-86 and the diploid cultivar Himachal Pradesh) and maintained as a part of the DBT funded project at Dept. of Plantation Crops and Spices. Somaclones exhibited wide variability in rhizome yield and quality attributes. Somaclones derived from polyploid parent Z-0-86 recorded higher fresh and dry rhizome yield compared to somaclones derived from Z-0-78 and HP. Among forty somaclones, SE 86 81 recorded highest fresh rhizome yield (28.81t ha-1), followed by SE 86 131, SE 86 83 and SE 86 40. The somaclones C 86 23 showed highest dry rhizome yield (6.43 t ha-1), followed by somaclones SE 86 81 and SE 86 41. The quality attributes such as driage, volatile oil, oleoresin, starch and crude fibre contents varied significantly in the somaclones. Among forty somaclones, SE HP 8 recorded maximum driage (27.13%), followed by somaclones SE 86 41 and C 86 23. The somaclone SE 86 40 showed highest volatile oil content (2.40%), followed by CHP 99. Somaclones derived from Z-0-86 showed higher oleoresin content, with the highest value in C 86 124 (5.94%), followed by SE 86 41 and C 86 40. In general, the somaclones showed lower crude fibre content which is considered as a desirable quality attribute for fresh ginger and value added products. The starch content among the somaclones ranged from 40.59 to 52.56% and high starch yielding types were SE HP 8, C 86 139 and SE 78 26. Studies on changes in quality attributes of ginger somaclones with crop maturity indicated that essential oil and oleoresin 174 contents decreased with increase in crop duration, while starch and crude fibre contents increased with crop maturity, in all the somaclones. Chemoprofiling of volatile oil of 11 ginger somaclones revealed the presence of 44 aroma compounds. Among the different classes of compounds, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons are quantitatively the major constituents. Among sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, zingiberene was predominant (23.28%) and the content was highest in the somaclone CHP 99 (29.64 %), followed by C 86 40 and SE 86 40. HPLC analysis of pungency principles revealed that 6- gingerol was the predominant one in all the ginger somaclones. The highest 6-gingerol was observed in the somaclone C 86 124 (2.44 %), followed by SE 78 26 and SE 86 81. The content of total gingerols was also high in these somaclones. The shogaols level ranged from 0.24 to 0.49 % and highest shogaols content (0.49 %) was in the somaclone C 86 40, followed by SE 86 81 and C 86 Screening of ginger somaclones for value added products such as paste and candy revealed that somaclones SE 86 40 and SE 86 131 were ideal for preparation of ginger candy and somaclones C 86 23 and SE 86 131, for ginger paste, because these somaclones recorded higher sensory scores than control and showed lower variation in physico- chemical parameters during storage. Studies on storage stability of the products revealed that parameters like moisture, colour, pH and sensory scores showed a decreasing trend, while TSS, titratable acidity, non enzymatic browning, polyphenol oxidase activity and microbial count showed slight increase in all somaclones and control. The study could identify promising ginger somaclones for different end uses such as fresh ginger, dry ginger, volatile oil, oleoresin extraction and gingerol extraction and preparation of paste and candy.