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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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20201
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Subject: Seed Science and Technology × Author: Arunkumar, C × Start date: 2000 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Standardization of hybrid rice seed production for Kerala using three line system of breeding
    (Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2020) Arunkumar, C; KAU; Jayalekshmi, G
    The present study entitled “Standardization of hybrid rice seed production for Kerala using three line system of breeding” was carried out in the College of Agriculture, Vellayani and Integrated farming system research station (IFSRS), Karamana during 2019-2020, with an objective to standardize GA3 and brassinosteroid and to optimize the planting ratio in restorer line (R line) and male sterile line (A line) to get maximum hybrid seed yield under Kerala condition. The study comprised of two experiments, the phenological studies in male sterile line (Aline) and standardization of GA3 and brassinosteroid dose for the planting ratio of A, R line in 6:2 and 8:2. Phenological studies of the CMS line CRMS31A were taken under protected condition during different growth stages. The production of tillers on male sterile line started at 23.3 days after sowing. At maturity, the plant height reached up to 123.33 cm length with 18.1 total numbers of tillers. The sterile plant produced total of 91 leaves and the flag leaf had 39.01 cm2 area. The initiation of the panicle was observed on 58.9 days old plants and panicles were developed between internodes of the first stem. The panicle initiation was associated with the beginning of stem internodes formation and the initiated panicle was microscopic in size (2-4 mm) with a fuzzed tip inside the main culm. The increase in size of the panicle primordia and its upward extension inside the leaf sheath were detected inside the rapidly elongated culm. The booting stage was started at an age of 67.2 days then the first panicle was emerged on 74.1 days old plant and fifty percentages of panicles were emerged within a week. Flag leaf angle play a vital role in the percentage of seed filling (fertility percentage) by acting as a barrier between pollen from the male parent and the CMS plants spikelets. The average flag leaf angle of CRMS 31 A was 15.60 which was very less when compared to traditional varieties. The CRMS 31 A had taken 85.5 days to anthesis and taken 9 days to finish the anthesis of whole spikelets on panicle. In the second experiment, field evaluation of hybrid seed production in the cross between CRMS 31A and the identified restorer „Remya‟ was done in the fields of IFSRS Karamana for standardising the planting ratio and the doze of growth hormones. This experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replication during March-July 2020 (Virippu). The parental lines were sown in staggered dates according to the duration of the CMS line and the pollen Restorer line. The sowing of male and female parents were planned to achieve the synchronization in flowering. The R line was sown in three staggered dates. i.e., one at three days before the sowing date of CMS lines, the second set along with CMS line and the third set were sown three days after the sowing of CMS lines. The sterile R line and pollen parent were sown in the planting raio of 6:2 and 8:2 and two doses of GA3 (50 and 70 ppm) and brassinosteroid (2 and 6ppm) were sprayed at 15-20% heading and 35-40% panicle emergence. Observations on eight morphological and five yield traits were recorded during the crop production. All the traits used in the study showed significant variations. The mean performance of CRMS 31 A observed better performance in morphological and yield parameters at 70 ppm GA3. The treatment T5 (GA3-70 ppm, BRs-2ppm with 6:2 planting ratio) recorded the highest panicle exsertion (8.707 cm), plant height (145.653 cm) and flag leaf area (64.747 cm2) followed by T6 (GA3-70 ppm, BRs- 2ppm with 8:2 planting ratio). The highest productive tiller (25.00), total tiller (27.00), number of leaves (135.00) and leaf angle (26.600º) were observed in T6 (GA3-70 ppm, BRs-2ppm with 8:2 planting ratio) and followed by T5. The higher concentration of BRs reduced the flag leaf area (42.767) in T3 (GA3-50 ppm, BRs-6ppm with 6:2 planting ratio). The morphological traits of the male sterile line was improved with respect to panicle exsertion, flag leaf area, productive tillers and leaf area index by the application of GA3 70ppm and BRs 2ppm. The 1000 grain weight was higher in T3 (19.400g) followed by T5 (17.267g) and T6 (16.500g) and the least was in control treatment T4 (13.733g) and T7 (13.900g). The highest number of filled grain per panicle (33.00 nos) and lowest number of unfilled grains per panicle (17 nos) were observed in T5 with 70ppm GA3. The highest number of unfilled grains per panicle was found in control plants (T4 and T7). The Spikelet fertility percentage was more in T5 (19.507%), followed by T3 (16.140%) and less fertility percentage was observed in control plants T4 (7.127%) and T7 (7.397%). Highest seed yield per plot was recorded in T6 (1489.320g) followed by T5 (1355.746g) lowest seed yield was observed in control plants T4 and T7. The drawback of CMS line could be minimized by the application of hormones and improve seed set can be obtained. Humidity and the wind velocity prevailing in the location was not favorable for free flow of pollen and better seed set. So a more favorable season has to be tested for better yield. In this study the doze of Brassino steroids 2ppm and GA 70 ppm in both planting ratios of 6:2 and 8:2 had given substantially higher yield over the control. So hybrid rice seed production in Kerala can be enhanced by spraying of GA3 70ppm and brassinosteroid 2ppm at 15-20% heading of tillers and 35-40% panicle emergence. The row ratio of the female parent to the restorer parent can be 8:2 considering the increased seed yield realized. More seasons and locations have to be tested to identify the best season and location for hybrid rice seed production in Kerala.