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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology × Author: Shyma, V H × End date: 2010 × Start date: 2009 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Epidemiological and clinico-therapeutic studies on bacterial skin infections in dogs
    (Department of Veterinary Epidemology and Preventive Medicine,College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2010) Shyma, V H; KAU; Vijayakumar, K
    The present study was mainly focused on epidemiological, diagnostic and clinico-therapeutic aspects of bacterial skin infections in dogs. A total of 42 animals were observed and diagnosed bacterial skin infection by culture of exudates or touch swab from skin lesions, out of the 933 animals brought to the University Veterinary Hospitals at Kokkalai and Mannuthy from February 2009 to January 2010 with different dermatological problems. More incidence of bacterial skin infections was observed in female dogs and in German shepherd breed. Detailed clinical examination of infected animals revealed pruritus, alopecia, ulcer, erythema and papule as the major clinical signs. Infected animals showed statistically significant reduction in mean values of packed cell volume and total RBC count in infected animals. Serum biochemical examination revealed significantly higher mean value for serum albumin and hypoglycemia in infected dogs. Serum mineral estimation of infected animals showed lower mean value for copper and higher mean value for zinc. Out of the 34 bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus epidermidis (32.35 per cent) was the most commonly isolated organism followed by Staphylococcus hyicus (20.58 per cent), Staphylococcus intermedius (14.7 per cent), Staphylococcus aureus (8.82 per cent) and Micrococcus spp (2.94 per cent). Gram negative organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.76 per cent), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.88 per cent) and Pseudomonas fluorescence (2.94 per cent) were also obtained. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity analysis revealed that gatifloxacin is the most effective antibiotic in the treatment of bacterial skin infections in dogs and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination and cephalexin could be used as a second choice based on the antibiogram. But highest rate of clinical cure (100 per cent) was showed in group treated with cephalexin, followed by groups treated with amoxicillin clavulanic acid combination and gatifloxacin. 16srRNA riboyping was used to type seven isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis, the most commonly isolated pathogen in this study. Three different genotypes were identified among which type b was predominated. Based on the severity of lesions and less response to treatment, it can be concluded that type a is the most pathogenic strain.