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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology × Author: Indu, S Namputhiri × Author: KAU × End date: 2004 × Start date: 2001 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Epidemiology of certain bacterial and viral diseases causing neonatal mortality in pups
    (Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2004) Indu, S Namputhiri; KAU; Tresamol, P V
    The present study was conducted to assess the role of bacterial and certain viral etiology, to conduct antibiogram and to estimate the nonspecific factors associated with neonatal mortality in pups.The bacterial isolates from milk of bitches were identified as Staphylococcus aureus (29 per cent) Staphylococcus intermedius (six per cent), Klebsiella pneumoniae (47 per cent), Proteus vulgaris (12 per cent) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (six per cent). Antibiogram of the isolates showed that majority of the isolates from milk were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (71 per cent), followed by amoxycillin (65per cent), gentamicin (41per cent), enrofloxacin (59 per cent), norfloxacin (18 per cent) chloramphenicol (12 per cent) and amoxy-clav (6 per cent).Blood samples taken from two bitches yielded bacterial growth, which were identified as Staphylococcus aureus (50 per cent) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (50 per cent). The bacterial isolates from blood were lOOper cent sensitive to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol, 50 per cent to gentamicin, 50 per cent to amoxycillin and resistant to enrofloxacin and norfloxacin. The bacteria isolated from the vaginal samples were identified as Hafnia alvei (Enterobacter alvei)(six per cent), Klebsiella pneumoniae (35 per cent), Staphylococcus aureus (12 per cent), Escherichia coli (12 per cent), Proteus vulgaris (23 per cent), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (six per cent) and Staphylococcus intermedius (six per cent). The vaginal isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (88 per cent), gentamicin (53 per cent), amoxycillin (59 per cent), enrofloxacin (71 per cent), chloramphenicol (59 per cent) and norfloxacin (35 per cent). None of the milk, blood or vaginal swabs taken from the control group yielded any bacterial growth. Isolates were obtained from heart blood and from liver and lung of pups. These included Proteus vulgaris(20 per QQnt)yPseudomonas aeruginosa(40 per cent) and Klebsiella pneumoniae(A0 per cent). Fourty per cent of the bacterial isolates from pups were sensitive to gentamicin and chloramphenicol, 80 per cent to ciprofloxacin, 60 per cent to amoxycillin and 20 per cent to norfloxacin and enrofloxacin. The role of parvovirus as a causative agent for neonatal mortality was studied by subjecting the liver, lung,intestine spleen and kidney tissue of dead pups to AGID and HA for detection of parvoviral antigen and one sample was positive by HA. This was confirmed by haemagglutination inhibition test. None of the serum from the bitches gave positive result for antibodies against parvoviral antigen in agar gel immunodiffusion test. The titre of antibodies of bitches were assessed by HI. HI titre of the vaccinated bitches ranged from eight to 64.0nly one bitch was having the protective titre. All the unvaccinated bitches were not having any titre of antibodies against parvo by HI test.