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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Poultry Science × Author: KAU × End date: 2001 × Start date: 2001 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of probiotic supplementation on the performance of broiler chicken
    (Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2001) Sabitha Mahaboob Kadari, A; KAU; Elizabeth, V K
    The effects of different levels of pro biotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium and Yeasacc 1026) supplementation• at 0.025 and 0.05 per cent of the ration on the performance of broiler chicken were evaluated using 144, one-day old, commercial broiler chicks for a period of eight weeks. The birds were divided into three dietary treatment groups viz., standard broiler ration (T 1), standard broiler ration with 0.025 per cent probiotic (T 2) and standard broiler ration with 0.05 per cent probiotic (T3). Standard broiler ration was formulated as per Bureau of Indian Standards (1992) specification for broiler chicken feed. The 0.025 per cent probiotic supplemented birds showed a significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight upto six weeks of age. At the end of eight weeks of age, the 0.05 per cent probiotic fed birds grew faster. The body weight gain was significantly higher in 0.025 per cent probiotic supplemented group upto six weeks of age but was statistically non-significant upto eight weeks of age. The feed intake was not statistically significant throughout the experimental period. Eventhough the feed efficiency was significantly (P<0.01) better in the group fed with 0.025 per cent probiotic at the end of second week, it was statistically non-significant at sixth and eighth weeks of age. The protein efficiency was not significantly different throughout the experimental period. The serum cholesterol levels were significantly (P<0.01) reduced in both the probiotic supplemented groups. The serum protein level was not affected by probiotic supplementation. The processing Yields did not show any significant difference among treatments. The mortality percentage was not affected by treatments. Cost of production of broilers in the 0.025 per cent probiotic group was lower when compared with other two groups at the end of six weeks of age, while it was lower in the 0.05 per cent probiotic supplemented group at the end of eight weeks of age. It can be concluded that probiotic supplementation in standard broiler ration at a lower level was beneficial in the early stages of growth.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of the shelf life of quail egg pickle
    (Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2001) Deepa, Menon; KAU; Narayanankutty, K
    An investigation was carried out at the Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy to assess the shelf life of vinegar, oil based quail egg pickle with and without potassium sorbate. The quality characteristics of the product packed in HDPE pouches as influenced by the period of ambient storage was evaluated at monthly intervals. The mean weight of raw quail eggs used for pickling was 10.94 ± 0.02 g and that of cooked and peeled eggs was 9. 15 ± 0.06g. Therefore the cooking yield was found to be 83.63 ± 0.02 per cent. The product was stored for a period of 120 days and it was found that it was acceptable up to 90 days. The control and treatment groups were evaluated in terms of qualitative parameters namely pH, proximate composition, oxidative rancidity (TBARS number), total viable count of mesophilic bacteria, yeast and mould count and organoleptic qualities. It was observed that during the period of study, from the day of production to 90 days of storage, the pH of quail egg pickle increased significantly (P < 0.01) from 3.60 ± 0.01 to 4. 76 + 0.01 for the control group and 3.59 ± 0.01 to 4.73 ± 0.01 for the treatment group, respectively. Though there was no significant difference between the two groups, within the same period of storage, the proximate composition of the pickle was significantly (P < 0.01) affected irrespective of the treatments. There was a gradual but significant (P < 0.01) increase in 2_thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) number in both the groups, during storage. The treatment group showed statistically lower TBARS numbers at 60 and 90 days of storage, when compared to the control. The total viable count in both the groups increased significantly (P < 0.01) during storage but were well within the acceptable limit up to 90 days. There was no significant difference between the control and treatment groups, even though the treatment group had comparatively lower values throughout the storage period. The freshly prepared pickle did not have any yeast or mould population. There was a gradual and significant (P< 0.01) increase in the yeast and mould count with the progress in storage period, however, significantly (P< 0.05) lower counts were detected in the treatment group at 30, 60 and 90 days of storage. In the case of organoleptic evaluation, the mean panel scores for flavour were 5. 50, 5. 72, 5. 14 and 4. 83 respectively for the control group on zero, 30, 60 and 90 days of storage. The corresponding values for the treatment group were 5. 67, 6. 00, 5. 33 and 5.00, respectively. On working out the cost of production of pickle, it was found to be quite economical. The cost of kilogram of quail egg pickle was Rs. 74.39 and Rs. 74.72, respectively for the control and treatment groups. Henceforth it was concluded that nutritious, tasty and ready to eat quail egg pickle could be prepared with vinegar, gingelly oil and potassium sorbate, packed in HDPR pouches and stored safely for a period of 90 days at ambient temperature.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of sodium sulphate supplementation in broiler diet
    (Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2001) Anil, B; KAU; Amritha Viswanath  
    An investigation was carried out at the Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy to evaluate the effect of supplementation of sodium sulphate in broiler diets devoid of animal protein sources. T•wo hundred and ten, one-day old straight-run commercial broiler chicks were reared for a period of eight weeks under five different dietary treatments. The dietary treatments consisted of control ration (T1) prepared using unsalted dried fish as animal protein source, all vegetable protein diets with the addition of 300 g DL- methionine (T2), anhydrous sodium sulphate at the levels of 200 g (T3), 300 g (T4) and 400 g (T5) in every 100 kg diet. All the rations were formulated as per BIS (1992) specification of nutrients for brpiler chicken. Soybean meal, ground nut cake and gingelly oil cake were used as protein sources in all vegetable protein diet. The chicks were fed with starter diets upto six weeks of age and there after finisher diet up to eight weeks of age. Except for the difference in feed, all the management practices followed were uniform for the different treatment groups. Body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were recorded at fortnightly intervals. At the end of eighth week processing yields and losses, total serum protein and haemoglobin content of blood were recorded. Cost benefit analysis were ascertained for different dietary treatment groups at sixth and eighth weeks of age. Results of the study revealed that the mean cumulative body weight of broiler recorded at sixth week of age did not reveal any significant difference between dietary treatments. But body weight recorded at eighth week of age revealed significant difference (P<0.05) between dietary treatments. Broilers fed with control diet (Tl) recorded the highest (Pweight but is statistically comparable to group fed wi th 0.3 per cent sodium sulphate (T4). Broilers fed all vegetable protein diet with 0.4 per cent sodium sulphate (T4) is statistically comparable to T2, T3 and T5. Similar trend was followed in body weight gain also. Feed intake of broilers in the group fed with 0.2 per cent sodium sulphate (T3) statistically comparable to was the. lowest and was control group protein (Tl) . diet Broilers fed with with all vegetable supplemented methionine (T2) recorded significantly higher feed consumption. The cumulative feed consumption upto eight weeks of age was not affected by either sodium ~ulphate or methionine supplementation. Mean cumulative feed efficiency at sixth week of age recorded significant (P<0.05) difference between treatments. Broilers fed control diet and sodium sulphate supplemented diet recorded better feed efficiency when compared to all vegetable protein diet supplemented with methionine (T2). At eighth week of age cumulative feed efficiency was not affected by supplementation of either sodium sulphate or methionine. Processing yields or losses were not affected by different dietary treatments. Haemoglobin and serum protein were not influenced by dietary treatments. Mortality pattern showed no difference among the five dietary treatment groups. All vegetable protein rations prepared with the addition of either methionine or sodium sulphate had higher price when compared to control ration. Based on this study it was summarized that supplementation of methionine or sodium sulphate in all vegetable protein diet has no deleterious effects on the performance of broilers. Moreover it was revealed that sodium sulphate can be added at 0.2 per cent level in the broiler starter and finisher vegetable protein ration when good quality fish is not available.