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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Poultry Science × Author: Jalaludeen, A × Author: KAU × End date: 2016 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Dietary protein and energy requirements of caged layers
    (Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Mannuthy, 1986) Jalaludeen, A; KAU; Ramakrishnan, A
    A 4 x 4 factorial trial designed to study the dietary requirements of protein and energy for caged egg type layers under the hot - humid conditions of Kerala is presented in this thesis. Single Comb White Leghorn strain cross pullets (IWN x IWP ) of the Mannuthy centre of AICRP on Poultry for eggs formed the experimental subjects. The birds were randomly alloted to 16 dietary protein-energy combination groups. The dietary protein levels employed were 14,16,18 and 20 per cent and that of energy levels were 2400, 2500, 2600 and 2700 Kcal ME per kg diet. General observations of the experiment were recorded over 12, 28 day periods. The varying levels of protein and energy employed in this study did not have any significant influenced on body weight gain. Birds fed 18 per cent dietary protein had significantly higher hen-day egg production and it was significantly lower for birds fed 14 percent dietary protein. Egg production observed between 16 and 20 per cent and that between 18 and 20 per cent protein were not statistically significant. Hen-day egg production was not influenced by various dietary energy levels employed. The daily feed intake per bird per day was not affect by the le4vels of protein and energy employed in this experiment. A dietary protein levels of 16, 18 and 20 per cent showed significantly superior feed efficiency, when expressed both in terms of feed per dozen egg as well as feed per kilogramme egg. Feed conversion efficiency was not influenced by verying energy levels employed. The egg weight was significantly influenced both by protein and energy levels. However, the changes exerted due to feeding of various dietary combinations did not show any definite trend. The ,mean shell thickness was significantly influenced by dietary protein levels whereas energy did not have any effect. There was a statistically significant decrease in albumen index and Haugh unit score and albumen index was influenced significantly by the energy level in the diet. The yolk index decreased with increase in protein content in the ration, whereas it was inconsistent with the dietary energy levels. Biochemical parameters such as haemoglobin, serum protein, serum inorganic phosphorus and packed cell volume were not influenced either by protein or energy levels. The level of dietary protein did not influence the serum lipid levels whereas the dietary energy had influenced. The dietary- protein-energy combinations in the diet significantly influenced liver lipid and liver lipid and liver protein. The values obtained on carcass analysis were well within the normal biological limits and did not show any specific effect due to different dietary treatments . All the birds showed a positive nitrogen balanced irrespective of the protein or energy levels in the diet. On the basis of these results it can be inferred that the levels of dietary protein and energy required for optimum production for layers raised in cages are 16 per cent and 2400 Kcal ME per kg, respectively. However, in practical feed formulation where amino acids balancing especially that of the critical amino acids being a problems in developing countries it is suggested that a dietary protein level of 18 per cent can be considered as optimal. FINDINGS : A 4 x 4 factor