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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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20111
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Subject: Plant Pathology × Author: Divya, M × End date: 2011 × Start date: 2011 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on transmission, host range and management of ash gourd mosaic disease.
    (Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2011) Divya, M; KAU; Vimi, Louis
    The present investigation, “Studies on transmission, host range and management of ash gourd mosaic disease” was undertaken in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 2009-2011 with an aim to study the symptomatology of the mosaic disease, mode of transmission, host range of the virus, the resistance of available genotypes to mosaic under net house conditions and to evolve a suitable management practice under field conditions. The sampling survey for the collection of mosaic samples conducted in different locations of Thrissur district revealed the incidence of five types of mosaic symptoms viz., marginal yellowing, yellow-green patch, severe puckering, filiform type and light and dark green patch type on ash gourd leaves. The marginal yellowing was found to be the prominent type of symptom compared to the other four types of mosaic. Under natural condition, yellowing of leaf margin was the major symptom of marginal yellowing type mosaic. But under artificial condition, yellowing of veins and veinlets of the leaf starting from the margin was the prominent symptom. In sap transmission studies, citrate phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7) gave maximum disease incidence (73 per cent) with 23-28 days of incubation. In vector transmission studies, Aphis gossypii gave 59.5 per cent disease incidence and Bemisia tabaci, was unable to transmit the virus. Biological indexing was done on Petunia hybrida and Vigna unguiculata to identify different viruses infecting ash gourd. Dark necrotic spot was produced in P. hybrida on inoculation with yellow-green patch type and severe puckering type mosaic whereas systemic infection was produced on inoculation with filiform type. Chlorotic spots were produced in V. unguiculata on inoculation with yellow-green patch type and puckering type mosaic whereas systemic infection was produced on inoculation with filiform type. Symptoms were not produced on inoculation with marginal yellowing type in P. hybrida and V. unguiculata. Based on the symptoms produced on V. unguiculata, it was ascertained that the virus causing yellow-green patch type mosaic belong to Cucumber mosaic virus group and the virus causing filiform type of mosaic belong to potyvirus group. The electron microscopic study of the marginal yellowing type and puckering type revealed that they also belong to potyvirus group. Host range studies of the ash gourd mosaic revealed systemic infection in snake gourd, bottle gourd, ivy gourd, tomato, chilli and cluster bean. Screening of 15 ash gourd genotypes against mosaic disease, revealed that one genotype, Jeevas was resistant to the mosaic with no disease incidence and one genotype BH-205 was moderately resistant (10 per cent incidence). The genotypes BH-206, BH-210, Indu, BHF-2, BHF-3, BHF-4, BHF-6, BHF-7, BHF-8 and BHF-9 were moderately susceptible (20-50 per cent incidence) and BH-216, BH-219 and BHF-5 were susceptible (70 per cent incidence) to mosaic. Field experiment conducted to evaluate the effect of botanicals, biocontrol agent and chemicals on ash gourd mosaic revealed that all treatments reduced disease incidence, severity and coefficient of infection and increased yield and among them quinalphos (0.05%) was the best. From the above study, it was concluded that marginal yellowing, yellow-green patch, puckering and filiformy were the major types of ash gourd mosaic and among them, mosaic with marginal yellowing symptom was the prominent one. The ash gourd mosaic was transmissible through sap and aphid. The virus causing marginal yellowing type mosaic belonged to potyvirus group. Snake gourd, bottle gourd, coccinia, tomato, chilli and cluster bean were found to be collateral hosts of the virus. Jeevas, a local genotype was identified as a resistant variety to ash gourd mosaic. The results of field experiment revealed that quinalphos (0.05 per cent) showed maximum effect in reducing mosaic infection.