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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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20112
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Subject: Plant Pathology × Author: Anju, C × End date: 2011 × Start date: 2011 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Foliar fungal pathogens associated with yellowing disease of coconut.
    (Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2011) Anju, C; Suharban, M
    The study entitled ‘Foliar fungal pathogens associated with yellowing disease of coconut’ was conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani. A detailed survey was undertaken to study the incidence and intensity of Root (Wilt) Disease and Yellowing disease in the Instructional Farm, Vellayani. Both the diseases were observed in all the six blocks of the Farm. Out of 6107 palms in the farm 561 palms were affected by Root (Wilt) Disease (9.19 %) and 127 palms (2.08%) were showing symptoms of Yellowing disease. A total of 242 (43%) Root (Wilt) affected palms and 94 (74%) Yellowing disease affected palms are to be cut and removed since they are unproductive. The characteristic symptoms of Root (Wilt) Disease were flaccidity, ribbing, yellowing and necrosis. The Root (Wilt) Disease affected palms (42%) were ‘super infected’ with leaf rot disease also. In Yellowing Disease affected palms sudden appearance of chlorosis/ yellowing/ bronzing of one or more leaves in the middle whorl coupled with flaccidity was the characteristic symptom. Rapid drying and necrosis of inflorescence, abnormal shedding of flowers, buttons, immature nuts and mature nuts occurred in succession either simultaneously or prior to yellowing and the palms became barren within a short period. On the chlorotic/ yellowed leaves intense brown to black leaf spots developed which enlarged, coalesced together and blighted the leaflets. The affected palms usually succumb within a short span of time. Foliar fungal pathogens associated with leaf spots/ blights on the symptomatic leaves of Yellowing disease affected palms were isolated and the pathogenicity was proved. On artificial inoculation on detached spindle as well as mature leaflets, the pathogens produced tiny brown water soaked lesions of angular or oval or irregular shapes. Among the different pathogens Chalara fimbriata was the most virulent one. Based on the morphological and cultural characteristics the following foliar fungal pathogens on Yellowing disease affected palms were identified: Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Cephalosporium spp., Chalara fimbriata, Curvularia spp., Fusarium verticillioides, F. semitectum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Pestalotiopsis maculans, Pestalotiopsis palmarum, Phomopsis spp., Arthrinium spp. and Verticillium spp. Among them, L. theobromae, C. gloeosporioides and P. maculans were the most frequently isolated pathogens. The biochemical analysis revealed that total sugars, total soluble proteins and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity were higher in the leaves of diseased palms. Among the nine fungicides tested in vitro, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole and Mancozeb were found to be equally effective against L. theobromae, C. gloeosporioides, P. maculans and F. verticillioides.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Normal view MARC view ISBD view Foliar fungal pathogens associated with yellowing disease of coconut
    (College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2011) Anju, C; KAU; Suharban, M
    The study entitled ‘Foliar fungal pathogens associated with yellowing disease of coconut’ was conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani. A detailed survey was undertaken to study the incidence and intensity of Root (Wilt) Disease and Yellowing disease in the Instructional Farm, Vellayani. Both the diseases were observed in all the six blocks of the Farm. Out of 6107 palms in the farm 561 palms were affected by Root (Wilt) Disease (9.19 %) and 127 palms (2.08%) were showing symptoms of Yellowing disease. A total of 242 (43%) Root (Wilt) affected palms and 94 (74%) Yellowing disease affected palms are to be cut and removed since they are unproductive. The characteristic symptoms of Root (Wilt) Disease were flaccidity, ribbing, yellowing and necrosis. The Root (Wilt) Disease affected palms (42%) were ‘super infected’ with leaf rot disease also. In Yellowing Disease affected palms sudden appearance of chlorosis/ yellowing/ bronzing of one or more leaves in the middle whorl coupled with flaccidity was the characteristic symptom. Rapid drying and necrosis of inflorescence, abnormal shedding of flowers, buttons, immature nuts and mature nuts occurred in succession either simultaneously or prior to yellowing and the palms became barren within a short period. On the chlorotic/ yellowed leaves intense brown to black leaf spots developed which enlarged, coalesced together and blighted the leaflets. The affected palms usually succumb within a short span of time. Foliar fungal pathogens associated with leaf spots/ blights on the symptomatic leaves of Yellowing disease affected palms were isolated and the pathogenicity was proved. On artificial inoculation on detached spindle as well as mature leaflets, the pathogens produced tiny brown water soaked lesions of angular or oval or irregular shapes. Among the different pathogens Chalara fimbriata was the most virulent one. Based on the morphological and cultural characteristics the following foliar fungal pathogens on Yellowing disease affected palms were identified: Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Cephalosporium spp., Chalara fimbriata, Curvularia spp., Fusarium verticillioides, F. semitectum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Pestalotiopsis maculans, Pestalotiopsis palmarum, Phomopsis spp., Arthrinium spp. and Verticillium spp. Among them, L. theobromae, C. gloeosporioides and P. maculans were the most frequently isolated pathogens. The biochemical analysis revealed that total sugars, total soluble proteins and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity were higher in the leaves of diseased palms. Among the nine fungicides tested in vitro, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole and Mancozeb were found to be equally effective against L. theobromae, C. gloeosporioides, P. maculans and F. verticillioides.