Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Open Access
Reproductive mechanism in cardamom
(Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1982) Venkitaraman, S; KAU; Gopinathan Nair, V
The study on the reproductive mechanism in cardamom was undertaken at the Cardamom Research Station, Pampadumpara in three popular cultivars viz., Malabar, Mysore and Vazhukka, Laboratory studies were conducted at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani. Different morphological characters of the panicle and flower, spread of flowering, time and mechanism of anthesis, pollen viability, stigma receptivity and self sterility were studied. The three cultivars were critically compared with respect to each of these characters
Open Access
Progeny studies in west coast tall coconut palms of different yield groups
(Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1982) Bindu, M; KAU; Gopakumar, K
Observations made during 1981-82, while conducting a Systematic Pedigree Progeny Analysis at the Coconut Research Station, Balaramapuram, on the coconutpalm, variety West Coast Tall, belonging to the categories of Low, Medium and High yielders, yielded valuable information so as to ensure realization of the desired effect in inducing an overall enhancementin the late stage seedling progeny performance standards. Earlier recommendations stressed the need for exercising phase protracted selection at the levels of the motherpalm population, seednuts and the seedling progeny stand in the nursery, on specified norms. The findings of this study help to develop a more reliable methodology for identifying distinctly, the vigorous from the less vigorous among the seedling progeny.
Open Access
Identification of prepotent motherpalms in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) variety, KOMADAN
(Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1982) Shylaraj, K S; KAU; Gopakumar, K
A systematically arranged experiment on Pedigree Progeny Analysis was conducted during 1981-82 in the premises of the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, with 40 randomnly chosen trees of the coconutpalm, type KOMADAN. The advantages of following a Triphasic Selection Schedule carried out at the levels of the motherpalm population, seednuts and the one year old seedling progeny in the nursery, and the special worth of identifying, on the basis of the information made available through the conduct of the early seedling progeny analysis, the prepotent palms, are substantiated. Accordingly, a recommendation in favour of confining for benefit, extensive seednut collection, exclusively to such palms as mentioned above, identified from among those in a chosen lot, characterized by phenotypically distinguishable overall healthy outlook, followed by exposure to a procedure of more intensively rigorousselection in the nursery, of superior seedlings is proposed.
Open Access
Seedling progeny analysis in selected cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) types
(Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1982) Susamma, P George; KAU; Gopimony, R
Seedling progeny analysis of two different types of cashew namely Kottarakara-1 and Kottarakara-27 was done by raising nursery of seednuts collected from 30 mother trees each from the two types. The experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture# Vellayani during 1981-82. Prom the analysis of data on mother tree characters it was found that the two types did not differ significantly in yield per tree. They differed in respect of canopy size. There was high variation between the individual trees in yield for both types The analysis of seednut characters revealed that the two types differed significantly in respect of weight and volume of nut and kernel. Kottarakara-27 was found to be superior to Kottarakara-1. This superiority of seednut characters of Kdttarakara-27 was reflected in the recovery of vigorous seedlings also The seednut characters showed positive significant correlation among themselves. Analysis of seedling characters revealed that Kottara- kara-1 was superior to Kottarakara-27 for seedling heightnumber of leaves and. total leaf area, but Kottarakara-27 was superior for girth at collar and length of tap root. Individual trees of both types differed significantly in the seedling characters and seedling vigour.but the three yield groups did not show any significant difference. Kottarakara-27 was found to be significantly superior to Kottarakara- 1 in the percentage of recovery of vigorous seedlings. In both the types the medium yielding group registered more recovery of vigorous seedlings There was no significant difference between the two types in the recovery of prepotent trees. Correlation studies revealed that girth of trunk and seedling vigour showed significant positive correlation in Kottarakara-1. Canopy size was positively correlated with girth of trunk. Hence these two characters can be considered as important criteria for mother tree selection. Seedling height showed significant positive correlation with most of the other seedling characters studied during the 3rd and 9th month of growth. Hence seedling height can be considered as an indication of seedling vigour.Tallest 50 per cent seedlings in the nursery can be considered as superior planting material. Based on seedling progeny analysis prepotent trees can be identified. But adult progeny analysis is essential to confirm the above results.
Open Access
Variability and heterosis in Intervarietal hybrids of sugarcane
(Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1982) Alice Antony; KAU; Manikantan Nair, P
A field trial was conducted at Sugarcane Research station Tiruvalla during 19S1 with selected clones after screening the hybrid progeny of the intervarietal cross Co 775 x Co 453* The investigation was conducted with the object of selecting superior hybrids with economic attributes from the progeny possessing wide spectrum of variability by evaluating genetic variability and assessing the extent and magnitude of heterosis. The preliminary studies on the seedling progeny proved its variability for economic attributes. Weight of cane per stool recorded the maximum coefficient of variation followed by number of shoots and number of millable canes per stool. This attribute had positive correlation with all the yield components studied except H.R.Brix. Among the yield components# number of millable canes established the closest association with cane yield. High heritabillty was displayed by almost all the attributes assessed in the clonal population# the maximum being recorded by arrowing and as such these characters were less influenced by environmental variations

Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

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