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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Plant Breeding × Author: KAU × Author: Praveena, V S × End date: 2017 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic variability studies for yield and fruit fly resistance in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L)
    (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2010) Praveena, V S; KAU; Seeja, G
    A study was undertaken in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture ,Vellayani during the period 2009-2010 to assess the genetic variability for different yield attributes and resistance to fruit fly in bitter gourd and to identify high yielding genotypes tolerant to fruit fly. To attain these objectives field and laboratory experiments were carried out simultaneously. Of the 29 genotypes evaluated IC-45341 was the early flowering and bearing type. Madhurai local was the genotype having maximum number of fruits per plant. Priya and Bharanikkavu local had maximum fruit length and girth respectively. Kanakakunnu local had maximum fruit weight and yield per plant. Kallukuthiavila local and Madhurai local were the long duration and short duration genotypes respectively. Priyanka had maximum protein content. Changanassery local -1 had maximum TSS, fruit colour and phenol content. IC- 68296 had maximum total sugars, reducing and non reducing sugars. Madhurai local had minimum incidence of fruit fly. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the characters. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for yield per plant, individual fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit girth, protein content, total sugars, reducing sugars, non reducing sugars, fruit colour, crude fibre content, phenol content and incidence of fruit fly. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance were noticed for all characters except days to first harvest, duration and water content which had high heritability and low genetic advance. Correlation studies revealed that out of the 13 significant phenotypic correlation coefficients of yield, twelve were positive and one was negative. Significant and positive correlations were obtained for yield with days to first male and female flower opening, days to first harvest, fruit bearing period, fruit length, fruit girth, individual fruit weight, duration, flesh thickness, incidence of fruit fly, protein content and water content. Significant negative correlations were obtained for incidence of fruit fly with phenol content and number of fruits per plant. Protein content, water content, phenol content and flesh thickness of immature, half mature and full mature fruits had significant correlation with incidence of fruit fly. Path coefficient analysis revealed high direct and positive effects of days to first male flower opening, fruit weight and duration on yield. D2 analysis grouped the 29 genotypes into seven clusters. Individual fruit weight contributed maximum to total divergence followed by flesh thickness, duration, fruit girth and protein content. High yielding genotype, Kanakakunnu local, was grouped into cluster I where as fruit fly resistant genotypes Madhurai local and Changanassery local – 1 were grouped into cluster V and VI respectively. This emphasizes scope for further improvement by selecting donor parents from these clusters. Selection indices revealed that Kanakakunnu local had maximum index value and Madhurai local had minimum index value. Kanakakunnu local, Changanassery local-1 and Madhurai local were identified as potent donors for appropriate breeding program for improving fruit yield and quality character like resistance to fruit fly. As per the techniques and rating system of Nath (1966) the percentage of fruit damage was minimum in Madhurai local and Changanassery local-1 under both natural screening and artificial screening. So these two genotypes were rated as resistant/highly resistant genotypes.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic variability studies for yield and fruit fly resistance in bitter gourd(Momordica Charantia L)
    (College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2010) Praveena, V S; KAU; Seeja, G
    A study was undertaken in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture ,Vellayani during the period 2009-2010 to assess the genetic variability for different yield attributes and resistance to fruit fly in bitter gourd and to identify high yielding genotypes tolerant to fruit fly. To attain these objectives field and laboratory experiments were carried out simultaneously. Of the 29 genotypes evaluated IC-45341 was the early flowering and bearing type. Madhurai local was the genotype having maximum number of fruits per plant. Priya and Bharanikkavu local had maximum fruit length and girth respectively. Kanakakunnu local had maximum fruit weight and yield per plant. Kallukuthiavila local and Madhurai local were the long duration and short duration genotypes respectively. Priyanka had maximum protein content. Changanassery local -1 had maximum TSS, fruit colour and phenol content. IC- 68296 had maximum total sugars, reducing and non reducing sugars. Madhurai local had minimum incidence of fruit fly. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the characters. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for yield per plant, individual fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit girth, protein content, total sugars, reducing sugars, non reducing sugars, fruit colour, crude fibre content, phenol content and incidence of fruit fly. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance were noticed for all characters except days to first harvest, duration and water content which had high heritability and low genetic advance.Correlation studies revealed that out of the 13 significant phenotypic correlation coefficients of yield, twelve were positive and one was negative.Significant and positive correlations were obtained for yield with days to first male and female flower opening, days to first harvest, fruit bearing period, fruit length, fruit girth, individual fruit weight, duration, flesh thickness, incidence of fruit fly, protein content and water content. Significant negative correlations were obtained for incidence of fruit fly with phenol content and number of fruits per plant. Protein content, water content, phenol content and flesh thickness of immature, half mature and full mature fruits had significant correlation with incidence of fruit fly. Path coefficient analysis revealed high direct and positive effects of days to first male flower opening, fruit weight and duration on yield.D2 analysis grouped the 29 genotypes into seven clusters. Individual fruit weight contributed maximum to total divergence followed by flesh thickness, duration, fruit girth and protein content. High yielding genotype, Kanakakunnu local, was grouped into cluster I where as fruit fly resistant genotypes Madhurai local and Changanassery local – 1 were grouped into cluster V and VI respectively. This emphasizes scope for further improvement by selecting donor parents from these clusters. Selection indices revealed that Kanakakunnu local had maximum index value and Madhurai local had minimum index value.Kanakakunnu local, Changanassery local-1 and Madhurai local were identified as potent donors for appropriate breeding program for improving fruit yield and quality character like resistance to fruit fly. As per the techniques and rating system of Nath (1966) the percentage of fruit damage was minimum in Madhurai local and Changanassery local-1 under both natural screening and artificial screening. So these two genotypes were rated as resistant/highly resistant genotypes.