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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Plant Breeding × Author: Ivy Mary, Rajan × Author: KAU × Start date: 2018 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic evaluation of F2 generation for yield and water stress tolerence in upland rice
    (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2018) Ivy Mary, Rajan; KAU; Lekha Rani, C
    The present study entitled “Genetic evaluation of F2 generation for yield and water stress tolerance in upland rice” was carried out in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 2016-2018. The objective was to evaluate the pattern of variability in F2 for yield and yield contributing traits under upland and drought situations and to select superior segregants combining drought tolerance and high yield. The study material included four parents and three F2 populations selected from the Ph.D project entitled “Genetic analysis of drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”. The study comprised of two experiments .In experiment- I, the parents and F2 segregants were raised under rainfed upland condition exposed to natural stress. Among the F2 populations, Vaishak x Harsha (T6) recorded the highest mean grain yield plantˉ1 (38.45g – 48.15g) and lowest mean spikelet sterility (7.76%-21.18%). T6 recorded the highest mean values for number of productive tillers plantˉ1 (9 - 16) and leaf area index (mean: 1.67). Vaishak x Vyttila 6 (T5) recorded the highest mean values for number of spikelets panicleˉ1 (149 - 178), harvest index (44.88% – 48.15%) and proline content (mean: 0.29mg g−1). Thottacheera x Harsha (T7) recorded the highest mean values for chlorophyll(mean: 1.78mg g−1) and leaf soluble protein content (mean: 9.36mg g−1). The data obtained was subjected to transgressive segregation analysis and in T5 more than 50 percent positive segregants were observed for number of productive tillers plantˉ1, spikelet sterility, number of spikelets panicleˉ1 and panicle length. T6 recorded high percentage of positive segregants for number of productive tillersˉ1, grain yield plantˉ1, plant height and spikelet sterility. In T7 percentage of positive segregants were the highest for spikelet sterility and number of productive tillers plantˉ1. Dendrogram drawn on the basis of squared Euclidean distances classified the genotypes into four clusters. Cluster I -T1,T5,T6, cluster II- T4, cluster III -T2,T7 and cluster IV-T3. In experiment II, another set of parents and F2 segregants were grown under rainshelter imposing reproductive stage moisture stress. Irrigation was given at 20mm depth once in seven days from panicle initiation stage onwards. Among the F2 segregants, T5 recorded the highest mean values for grain yield plantˉ1 (11.80g – 18.88g), number of spikelets panicleˉ1 (128 - 174), grain weight panicleˉ1 (2.60g – 4.33g ), harvest index (42.44 % - 68.13%) and proline content (mean: 0.57) and the lowest for spikelet sterility (5.50% - 22.27%). T6 recorded the highest mean value for panicle length (19.60cm – 27.50cm). T7 marked the highest mean values for number of productive tillers plantˉ1 (3 – 7), chlorophyll (mean: 1.28mg g−1) and leaf soluble protein content(mean: 8.82mg g−1) and leaf area index (mean: 0.71). In T5, more than 50 percent of positive segregants were recorded for grain weight panicleˉ1, number of filled grains panicleˉ1 and number of spikelets panicleˉ1. T6 recorded higher percentage of positive segregants for straw yield plantˉ1 whereas T7 recorded the highest positive segregants for 1000 grain weight. On the basis of dendrogram drawn the genotypes were grouped into four clusters. Cluster I -T4 and T6, cluster II-T2,T7, cluster III - T3, T5 and cluster IV - T1. Among the F2 segregants, Vaishak x Harsha (T6) performed well under upland condition whereas Vaishak x Vyttila 6 (T5) performed well under stress. The high yielding variety Vaishak released for uplands might have transferred its superior yield characters to the progeny. The transgressive segregants with favourable traits thus obtained can be effectively utilised for selecting superior genotypes combining drought tolerance and high yield.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic evaluation of F2 generation for yield and water stress tolerence in upland rice
    (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2018) Ivy Mary, Rajan; KAU; Lekha Rani, C
    The present study entitled “Genetic evaluation of F2 generation for yield and water stress tolerance in upland rice” was carried out in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 2016-2018. The objective was to evaluate the pattern of variability in F2 for yield and yield contributing traits under upland and drought situations and to select superior segregants combining drought tolerance and high yield. The study material included four parents and three F2 populations selected from the Ph.D project entitled “Genetic analysis of drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”. The study comprised of two experiments .In experiment- I, the parents and F2 segregants were raised under rainfed upland condition exposed to natural stress. Among the F2 populations, Vaishak x Harsha (T6) recorded the highest mean grain yield plantˉ1 (38.45g – 48.15g) and lowest mean spikelet sterility (7.76%-21.18%). T6 recorded the highest mean values for number of productive tillers plantˉ1 (9 - 16) and leaf area index (mean: 1.67). Vaishak x Vyttila 6 (T5) recorded the highest mean values for number of spikelets panicleˉ1 (149 - 178), harvest index (44.88% – 48.15%) and proline content (mean: 0.29mg g−1). Thottacheera x Harsha (T7) recorded the highest mean values for chlorophyll(mean: 1.78mg g−1) and leaf soluble protein content (mean: 9.36mg g−1). The data obtained was subjected to transgressive segregation analysis and in T5 more than 50 percent positive segregants were observed for number of productive tillers plantˉ1, spikelet sterility, number of spikelets panicleˉ1 and panicle length. T6 recorded high percentage of positive segregants for number of productive tillersˉ1, grain yield plantˉ1, plant height and spikelet sterility. In T7 percentage of positive segregants were the highest for spikelet sterility and number of productive tillers plantˉ1. Dendrogram drawn on the basis of squared Euclidean distances classified the genotypes into four clusters. Cluster I -T1,T5,T6, cluster II- T4, cluster III -T2,T7 and cluster IV-T3. In experiment II, another set of parents and F2 segregants were grown under rainshelter imposing reproductive stage moisture stress. Irrigation was given at 20mm depth once in seven days from panicle initiation stage onwards. Among the F2 segregants, T5 recorded the highest mean values for grain yield plantˉ1 (11.80g – 18.88g), number of spikelets panicleˉ1 (128 - 174), grain weight panicleˉ1 (2.60g – 4.33g ), harvest index (42.44 % - 68.13%) and proline content (mean: 0.57) and the lowest for spikelet sterility (5.50% - 22.27%). T6 recorded the highest mean value for panicle length (19.60cm – 27.50cm). T7 marked the highest mean values for number of productive tillers plantˉ1 (3 – 7), chlorophyll (mean: 1.28mg g−1) and leaf soluble protein content(mean: 8.82mg g−1) and leaf area index (mean: 0.71). In T5, more than 50 percent of positive segregants were recorded for grain weight panicleˉ1, number of filled grains panicleˉ1 and number of spikelets panicleˉ1. T6 recorded higher percentage of positive segregants for straw yield plantˉ1 whereas T7 recorded the highest positive segregants for 1000 grain weight. On the basis of dendrogram drawn the genotypes were grouped into four clusters. Cluster I -T4 and T6, cluster II-T2,T7, cluster III - T3, T5 and cluster IV - T1. Among the F2 segregants, Vaishak x Harsha (T6) performed well under upland condition whereas Vaishak x Vyttila 6 (T5) performed well under stress. The high yielding variety Vaishak released for uplands might have transferred its superior yield characters to the progeny. The transgressive segregants with favourable traits thus obtained can be effectively utilised for selecting superior genotypes combining drought tolerance and high yield.