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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Plant Breeding × Author: Gambhire, Vilas Bhagwat × End date: 2015 × Start date: 2015 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genotype X environment interaction in blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper)
    (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2015) Gambhire, Vilas Bhagwat; KAU; Jiji
    Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) is an important short duration pulse crop occupying unique position in Indian agriculture. Its seeds are highly nutritious and used in the preparation of many popular dishes. Pulses are part of the daily diet of vegetarians world over. They are rich in protein (20-30 %) and are an excellent source of dietary fiber, low molecular weight carbohydrates, essential aminoacids, poly unsaturated fatty acids and range of micronutrients. In recent years there has been an increase in consumption of pulses in several developed countries where they are increasingly considered as health food. In Kerala, cultivation of pulses especially black gram as third crop i.e., in summer fallows in paddy growing areas was a common practice by the farmers. However, this trend has come down in the near past due to non availability of labourers for harvesting and low yield of traditional varieties. Raising blackgram in coconut gardens seems as a viable option to increase area of cultivation. In Kerala, high yielding varieties suited to both open and shaded conditions are not available. The study on “Genotype x environment interaction in black gram” was an attempt to identify suitable cultures for cultivation under open condition as a sole crop in rice fallow lands and as an intercrop in coconut garden. Materials used for the study consisted of ten black gram cultures developed by pedigree breeding from four crosses in the stabilized generation at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics. The check varieties were TAU-1, T-9, Sumanjana and Syama. The crop was raised under open and shade condition during kharif , rabi and summer seasons of 2013-2014. The plants were raised in plots of five meter square with two replications. All the observations were recorded at harvest except days to flowering. The data was analyzed for stability by Eberhart and Russell’s model as pooled over open condition, pooled over shade condition and pooled over all the six environments. According to Eberhart and Russell’s model of stability a good genotypes is the one having high mean value, non significant bi and S2di value. Stability analysis by Eberhart 13 and Russell’s model pooled over open condition showed that there was no variation between genotypes under three seasons for days to flowering, length of pod and number of seeds per pod. Also none of the genotypes showed stability for protein content. Genotypes were ranked based on stability, yield and major yield contributing characters. The genotypes with least score were T6, T5 and T9. These can be recommended for cultivation under open condition. Stability analysis by Eberhart and Russell’s model pooled over shade condition showed that that there was no variation between genotypes under three seasons for number of seeds per pod. None of the genotype was stable for protein content. Ranking of genotypes showed that genotypes T3, T5, T6 and T10 can be recommended for cultivation as an inter crop in coconut garden. Estimation of stability by Eberhart and Russell’s model pooled over six environments showed that there was variation between genotypes under the environments for all the traits studied. Genotypes were ranked based on stability, yield and major yield contributing characters. The genotypes with least score were T6, T5 and T3. These can be recommended for cultivation under both the conditions. Based on G x E analysis done by AMMI model also genotypes T5, T6 and T 3 were identified as suitable for planting under the six environments. The identified genotypes suitable for each condition that is genotypes T3, T5, T6,T9 and T10 has be evaluated in large plots to confirm the results and the quality of these genotypes has to be assessed for developing as variety suitable for open condition and intercropping.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genotype x Environment interaction in blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper)
    (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2015) Gambhire, Vilas Bhagwat; KAU; Jiji, Joseph
    Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) is an important short duration pulse crop occupying unique position in Indian agriculture. Its seeds are highly nutritious and used in the preparation of many popular dishes. Pulses are part of the daily diet of vegetarians world over. They are rich in protein (20-30 %) and are an excellent source of dietary fiber, low molecular weight carbohydrates, essential aminoacids, poly unsaturated fatty acids and range of micronutrients. In recent years there has been an increase in consumption of pulses in several developed countries where they are increasingly considered as health food. In Kerala, cultivation of pulses especially black gram as third crop i.e., in summer fallows in paddy growing areas was a common practice by the farmers. However, this trend has come down in the near past due to non availability of labourers for harvesting and low yield of traditional varieties. Raising blackgram in coconut gardens seems as a viable option to increase area of cultivation. In Kerala, high yielding varieties suited to both open and shaded conditions are not available. The study on “Genotype x environment interaction in black gram” was an attempt to identify suitable cultures for cultivation under open condition as a sole crop in rice fallow lands and as an intercrop in coconut garden. Materials used for the study consisted of ten black gram cultures developed by pedigree breeding from four crosses in the stabilized generation at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics. The check varieties were TAU-1, T-9, Sumanjana and Syama. The crop was raised under open and shade condition during kharif, rabi and summer seasons of 2013-2014. The plants were raised in plots of five meter square with two replications. All the observations were recorded at harvest except days to flowering. The data was analyzed for stability by Eberhart and Russell’s model as pooled over open condition, pooled over shade condition and pooled over all the six environments. According to Eberhart and Russell’s model of stability a good genotypes is the one having high mean value, non significant bi and S2di value. Stability analysis by Eberhart and Russell’s model pooled over open condition showed that there was no variation between genotypes under three seasons for days to flowering, length of pod and number of seeds per pod. Also none of the genotypes showed stability for protein content. Genotypes were ranked based on stability, yield and major yield contributing characters. The genotypes with least score were T6, T5 and T9. These can be recommended for cultivation under open condition. Stability analysis by Eberhart and Russell’s model pooled over shade condition showed that that there was no variation between genotypes under three seasons for number of seeds per pod. None of the genotype was stable for protein content. Ranking of genotypes showed that genotypes T3, T5, T6 and T10 can be recommended for cultivation as an inter crop in coconut garden. Estimation of stability by Eberhart and Russell’s model pooled over six environments showed that there was variation between genotypes under the environments for all the traits studied. Genotypes were ranked based on stability, yield and major yield contributing characters. The genotypes with least score were T6, T5 and T3. These can be recommended for cultivation under both the conditions. Based on G x E analysis done by AMMI model also genotypes T5, T6 and T 3 were identified as suitable for planting under the six environments. The identified genotypes suitable for each condition that is genotypes T3, T5, T6,T9 and T10 has be evaluated in large plots to confirm the results and the quality of these genotypes has to be assessed for developing as variety suitable for open condition and intercropping.