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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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20111
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Subject: Plant Biotechnology × Author: Choudhary Rakeshkumar, Sheshrao × End date: 2011 × Start date: 2011 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic analysis of plantain ecotypes of banana (Musa spp.) using RAPD and ISSR markers.
    (Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2011) Choudhary Rakeshkumar, Sheshrao; KAU; Kesavachandran, R
    The present investigation on “Genetic analysis of plantain ecotypes of banana (Musa spp.) using RAPD and ISSR markers” was undertaken in the Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during 2009-2011 with an aim to characterize the variability in plantain ecotypes of banana (Musa spp.) using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Twelve plantain ecotypes collected from BRS, Kannara was used for the study. Standardisation of DNA was done with the CTAB method. Optimum PCR conditions for both RAPD and ISSR were standardised with various quantities of DNA, dNTPs, MgCl2, primers and Taq polymerase. Initially 60 RAPD and 40 ISSR primers were screened against genomic DNA of two plantain ecotypes (Big Ebanga and Njockkon) for their ability to amplify DNA fragments. Of these, 16 RAPD and 14 ISSR primers were selected for further detailed RAPD and ISSR profiling. All selected primers produced robust amplification patterns. The PCR products obtained were separated on 1.4 per cent and 1.6 per cent agarose gel respectively stained with ethidium bromide. A total of 138 bands were obtained by using 16 RAPD primers. The number of bands produced by the primers varied from 5 (OPS 40) to 14 (OPS 31 and 37) and the molecular weight of bands varied from 2.876 to 0.564 Kb. The average number of bands was 8.63 and average percentage of polymorphism was 3.25. The total percentage of polymorphism was 37.68. The Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value for 16 primers varied between 0.79 (OPS 40) and 0.92 (OPS 37) with mean of 0.87. The Resolving power (Rp) of the random primers ranged between 9.33 (OPS 12) and 24.33 (OPS 37) with an average of 15.49. The Marker Indices (MI) of primers varied from 0.83 (OPS 7) to 7.28 (OPS 31) with a mean of 2.86. In the dendrogram, the 12 plantain ecotypes were grouped into three major clusters. The ecotypes Njockkon and Changalikodan, occurring in the first cluster were the most closely related with 94 per cent similarity. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed a similar result to that of clustering. A total of 111 bands were obtained by using 14 ISSR primers. The number of bands produced by the primers varied from 5 (UBC 835, 820) and 11 (UBC 857) and the molecular weight of bands varied from 1.584 to 0.564 Kb. The average number of bands was 7.93 and average percentage of polymorphism was 4.14. The total percentage of polymorphism was 52.25. The PIC value for 14 primers varied between 0.77 (UBC 835) and 0.90 (ISSR 6) with an average of 0.85. The resolving power of the ISSR primers ranged between 7.83 (UBC 820) and 16.83 (ISSR 6) with an average of 12.49. The Marker Indices (MI) of primers ranged from 0.77 (UBC 835) to 8.01 (UBC 857) with a mean of 3.55. In the dendrogram, the 12 plantain ecotypes were grouped into three major clusters. The ecotypes Changalikodan and Zanzibar; Manjeri Nendran (a) and Manjeri Nendran (b) occurring in the first cluster were the most closely related with 94 per cent similarity. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed a similar result to that of clustering. The combined dendrogram was also derived from pooled data from RAPD and ISSR analysis and morphological data. The dendrogram generated revealed grouping of plantain ecotypes into clusters more or similar to earlier dendrogram with a few exceptions. The study revealed that variability exists among the plantain ecotypes of banana.