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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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20201
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Subject: Plant Biotechnology × Author: Akhila, J × End date: 2022 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Role of mixed infection of cassava mosaic viruses in cassava mosaic disease development
    (Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2020) Akhila, J; KAU; Makeshkumar, T
    A study on “Role of mixed infection of Cassava mosaic viruses in cassava mosaic disease development” was conducted at ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram, during 2019- 2020. The important findings of the above studies are summarised in this chapter. Fifty samples randomly collected from the five varieties of cassava (Kochangamuttan, Kariyilappothiyan, Karutha gandharipadappan, H226, Manja noorumuttan), showed high score (>4) symptoms scale of very severe mosaic having distorted and misshapen leaves with stunted growth of plants. Multiplex PCR could differentially detect the presence of ICMV and SLCMV from the infected leaves. Among the five varieties of cassava, leaf samples collected from only one variety (Kariyilappothiyan) had ICMV infection as confirmed by PCR. Whereas, the samples from the variety Manja noorumuttan, did not show any PCR amplification. The mosaic symptoms appeared in the leaves of the variety may be due to physiological disorders such as nutritional deficiency. But the rest of the varieties showed amplification and had SLCMV infection. Out of five varieties, Manja noorumuttan variety is free from both ICMV and SLCMV. Out of rest four cassava varieties, Kariyilappothiyan was found infected with ICMV and other three varieties were infected with SLCMV. None of the varieties showed mixed infection of ICMV and SLCMV. Using chip bud grafting, both the SLCMV and ICMV infected plants were used as stock and scion for mixed infection. The grafted cassava plants showed yellow mosaic patterns on newly appeared leaves after two weeks. No substantial changes in the symptoms were observed in the plants grafted with buds from ICMV on SLCMV infected plants. But severe symptoms were observed in ICMV infected plants grafted with buds from SLCMV infected plants. This reveals that SLCMV is more severe than ICMV. Agroinoculation of Nicotiana tabacum was done with a partial dimer of DNA A and DNA B of both SLCMV and ICMV, in order to study the symptom appearance during the mixed infection. The plants inoculated with DNA A components of SLCMV and ICMV individually, showed curling of young leaves and mild mosaic symptoms respectively. The plants infiltrated with both components of SLCMV, showed severe stunting, thickening of mild veins, curling of leaves. However, the plants inoculated with both components of ICMV showed mild mosaic and mild curling of leaves and reduction in size. In the case of mixed infection of DNA A and DNA B components of both SLCMV and ICMV in Nicotiana plants showed symptoms including curling on the newly emerged leaves, yellow mosaic pattern on older leaves and severe stunting, resembling a mild SLCMV infection. Similarly, Agrobacterium strains with infectious clones were injected in the axillary buds of cassava plants to analyse the symptomatology during the mixed infection of SLCMV and ICMV. But the cassava plants did not show any mosaic symptoms in leaves with the infectious clones until 60 days after inoculation. The study reveals that agro- inoculation method is more effective in N. tabacum than cassava.