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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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20201
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Subject: Nematology × Author: Divya, T S × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Management of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita(Kofoid and white) chitwood in vegetable cowpea
    (Department of Nematology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2020) Divya, T S; KAU; Nisha, M S
    The study entitled 'Management of root-knot nematode, "'Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood in vegetable cowpea" was conducted at Department of Nematology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram during 2018-2020. The objectives were to screen varieties for resistance and to evaluate efficacy of biocontrol agents, organic amendment and new nematicide fluopyram for the management of root-knot nematode in vegetable cowpea. Seven varieties of vegetable cowpea (5 KAU released and 2 local) were screened for their resistance against Meloidogyne ineognita in pot culture under glass house condition. Tie experiment was laid out in CRD with 7 treatments and 3 replications. The results levealed that local variety collected flxrm Kadakkal was highly resistant to root-knot nematode with root-knot index 1. The local variety performed best in reducing the multiplication of nematodes. Lowest number of egg masses 5g roof'( 2.33), eggs egg mass' ( 63.33) and nematode population 200cc soil' (7 33) was observed in the local variety and it showed statistically significant variation compared to the KAU released varieties. Regarding the number of nodules 5g roof' also the Kadakkal variety showed significant superiority (22.67 nodules 5g roof') KAU variety VS 50 was highly susceptible to M. incogniia mfestatron w.th root-knot index 5. Highest number of egg masses 5g roof'(224.33) and number eggs egg mass"' (147.00) was recorded in VS 50. pot culture experiment was laid out in completely randomized design to stanHda rHdi zzle tthhe dosJage of fluopyram for the m^an ageme^nt. o f K ^incogniu. m cowpea. THe treatme^s w ^ ^ fluopyram 400 @ ^ ^ ,^S Og a., ha first treatment, flu ^ 250g a.i ha' as basal application, 25 days after first ^ J^s soil drenching to the root untreated. All .e --7-:^;:::::L,yram 400 SC @ 250g a.i ha ' knot nematode infected so . ^ ^ ^ was the effective dosage or . ^ y of the treatments. Nematode Phytotoxicity symptoms were not observed any penetration in roots and life eyele completion was obser\'ed in untreated control plants. M. inco^niui juveniles, adult female and male were not observed in roots of fluopyram treated cowpea plants. Galls and egg masses were observed in uprooted cowpea plant roots in untreated whereas in fluopyram applied treatments it was zero. Regarding final nematode population also, no nematodes were observed in soil samples were collected from fluopyram treated plants while in untreated control plants it was 761.5. Number of rhizobium nodules was significantly lower in untreated plants (17.75) while in fluopyram treated plants it ranged from 24.25 to 27.5 in 5g roots of cowpea plants. Field experiment was conducted by using the susceptible variety (VS 50) to stiidy the comparative effect of bio agents (Purpiireocillium lilacinum) and organic amendment (neem cake) in comparison with chemicals fluopyram and carbosulfan. The experiment was laid out in RED with 8 treatments and 3 replications. All the treatments significantly reduced nematode population in soil and root compared to untreated control. Effect of soil application of P. lilacinum (cfu 2x10*' g"') @ 10 g ^ cake @ 50 g m'^ found equally effective to basal application fluopyram 400 SC @ 250g a.i ha"' in reducing the nematode population in soil (93.03 per cent reduction over untreated) and root (86.94 per cent reduction over untreated). Regarding yield also effect of these two treatments was statistically on par giving 53 70 to 54.63 per cent increase over untreated. Plants treated with P. lilacinum (cfti 2x10^ g"') @ 10 g + neem cake @ 50 g m"^ showed significant superiority in number of nodules (29.33) in root (5g). Results on reisolation of bioagents at the time of harvest revealed that addition of organic substrate neemcake increased the persistence of bioagent (8.33x10^ cfn g soif') in soil. Residue of fluopyram and carbosulfan was found to be less than limit of quantification (LOQ) m cowpea pods, which were safe for consumption. From this study, it is concluded that vegetable cowpea variety Kadakkal local is resistant to M. incognita. Soil application off. lilacinum (cfu 2x106 g-1) @ 10 g + neem cake @ 50 g m'^ can be recommended for management of M. incognita in organic cultivation of cowpea.