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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Microbiology × Author: Sangeetha Vijaysree × End date: 1996 × Start date: 1995 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Restriction endonuclease analysis of duck plague viral DNA
    (Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1996) Sangeetha Vijaysree; KAU; Punnoose, K T
    Differences in the clinical manifestations of infected ducks, pathomorphology in developing duck embryo (DDE), and developing chicken embryo (DCE) and cytopathic effects in duck embryo fibroblast culture (DEFC) and chicken embryo fibroblast culture (CEFC) caused by two virulent strains of duck plague virus – DPV – 1 (procured from I.V.R.I., Izatnager) and DPV – A (isolated from Alleppey) and a vaccine strain – DPV – V (obtained from V.B.I., Palode) were investigated in this study. Restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) was done to assess molecular differences between the strains. Both the virulent strains produced typical symptoms and lesions of duck plague (DP). However, the level of mortality and severity of certain lesions like gizzard muscle necrosis and haemorrhagic bands in the small intestine were more pronounced in DPV – A infection. DPV – V did not produce any symptoms or lesions on experimental inoculation into ducklings. Embryonated duck eggs were used for passage of DPV – 1 and isolation of DPV – A, and DCE was used for propagation of DPV – V. Mortality of embryos with congestive lesions on the CAM and body of the embryo were observed for all the three strains. DPV – A produced more severe congestion on the extremities of inoculated embryos. Both the virulent strains (1 and A) failed to produce lesions in DCE. Both the virulent strains were cultured in DEFC and DPV – V in CEFC. All three strains produced CPE, characteristic of herpes viruses, with rounding and clumping of cells, syncytium formation, vacuolation of cytoplasm and formation of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. DPV – A and DPV – V took more time for production of CPE in the first passage with the time taken for CPE production decreasing with successive passages. The three strains of DPV were titrated in embryonated eggs (ELD50 ) and cell cultures (TCID50). DPV – 1 and A had an ELD50 of 105.27 per ml and 104.86 per ml respectively in DDE. The ELD50 of DPV – V was 104 per ml in DCE. TCID50 of DPV – 1and A in DEFC were 105.75 per ml and 105.25 per ml respectively and that of DPV – V in CEFC was 105 per ml. Virus particles ranging in size from 170 – 190 nm with a core size of 70 – 90 nm were observed on electron microscopic examination of processed and concentrated DPV – A material collected from infected DDE. Strains of DPV cultured in DEFC/CEFC were used as virus source for DNA extraction. DPV – 1, V and A had DNA concentrations of 1830 ug per ml, 1470 ug per ml and 1595 ug per ml respectively. Restriction enzyme analysis was done using Eco RI, Bam HI, Xho 1, Pst 1 and Hind 111. Eco RI cleaved all the three strains of DPV into 17 fragments. The restriction profile of DPV – V and A were nearly identical to each other with slight variation from DPV – 1 in fragment size. The RE Bam HI digested both the virulent strains of DPV (1 and A) into 14 fragments which were similar to each other except for the size of two fragments. DPV – V was cleaved into 16 fragments with differences in the size of six to seven fragments on comparison with DPV – 1 and A. The RE Xho 1 cleaved DPV – 1 and V into21 fragments and DPV – A into 23 fragments. All three strains differed from each other in the size of several fragments. Both the virulent strains (DPV – 1 and A) yielded 21 fragments and DPV – V 22 fragments on digestion with Pst 1. Majority of the fragments were below 10 kbp in size and there was variation in the size of 11 – 17 fragments between the strains. Restriction enzyme Hind 111 cleaved DPV – 1, V and A into 23, 22 and 21 fragments respectively. Apart from the difference in fragment number, all the three strains differed from each other in the size of 4 of their fragments. The average molecular size of the genome of DPV – 1, V and A estimated by REA with five REs were 181.23 kbp (Molecular weight 115.067 Megadalton), 184.218 kbp (116.964 Megadalton) and 181.582 Kbp (115.290 Megadalton) respectively. Of the five REs used in this investigation Bam HI, Xho 1, Pst 1 and Hind 111 were found to be more useful in differentiation of the three strains of DPV.