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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Microbiology × Author: KAU × Author: Malmarugan, S × End date: 1997 × Start date: 1997 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of enzyme immunoassays in the diagnosis of duck plague
    (Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1997) Malmarugan, S; KAU; Sulochana, S
    Use of Enzyme immunoassays namely dot ELISA and plate ELISA were evaluated to detect DP viral antibodies in serum samples and in whole blood dried on filter paper strips and their efficacy was compared with standard passive haemagglutination test. Indirect immunoperoxidase test was also used to detect DP viral antigen in paraffin embedded liver and spleen. ASS at 33 per cent level was used for separation of duck globulins and antiduck globulins. The protein concentration of these globulins were 34 mg/ml and 15 mg/ml respectively. The purity of these globulins were tested by IEP and AGPT using antiduck whole serum raised in rabbits. Duck plague hyperimmune serum was raised in healthy ducklings with live attenuated DP vaccine having a virus titre of 3.5 log10 ELD50/0.5 ml. This serum was used as the positive control. A total of 200 serum samples, 35 liver and 30 spleen samples were collected from different localities for the detection of duck plague viral antibodies and antigen. Corresponding blood samples were also collected on filter paper strips and the serum was eluted and ELISA was carried out. The results in this test were then compared with whole serum ELISA. The percentage of positive reaction in PHA, Dot ELISA, plate ELISA and filter paper strip method are 64 per cent, 68 per cent 72.5 per cent and 70.5 per cent respectively. Comparative efficacy of PHA with Dot ELISA, plate ELISA and filter paper strip method were carried out and sensitivity of the tests are 71.87, 67.64 and 77.30 per cent respectively. The specificity of these tests were 38.88, 43.75, 70.90 and 67.79 per cent respectively. The concordance of PHA with these tests were 60, 75.5 and 74.5 per cent respectively. On statistical analysis high degree of association (P<0.05) was observed between PHA and Dot ELISA, plate ELISA and filter paper strip method. Highly significant different (P>0.05) was observed between PHA and plate ELISA, and PHA and filter paper strip method. Based on the results, it was concluded that because of the simplicity, easiness and accuracy, Dot ELISA is suitable for detection of DPV antibodies under field conditions. But plate ELISA was highly sensitive, specific and able to detect low titred sera. Hence this test may be recommended for titration of DPV antibodies in the laboratories, particularly when the potency of the vaccine is to be checked and the immune status of a flock is to be evaluated. Because of various advantages filter paper strip method will serve as an alternative to collection of whole serum for detection of DPV antibodies. For the detection of DPV antigen, IPT was considered as suitable one because of its ability to detect high positive (83%) cases and less non specific reactions.