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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Microbiology × Author: Hudson Taylor, J × Author: KAU × End date: 2000 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of structural proteins of duck-plague virus
    (Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1997) Hudson Taylor, J; KAU; Krishnan Nair, G
    Two virulent strains of duck plague virus - DPV-I (IVRI) and DPV-A (Alleppey isolate) and a vaccine strain - DPV-V (VBI Palode) were investigated for the differences in clinical manifestations in naturally and experimentally infected ducks, morphological changes in developing duck/chicken embryo (DDE/DCE) and cytopathic effects in duck embryo fibroblast/ chicken embryo fibroblast culture (DEFC/CEFC) and chicken embryo fibroblast culture (CEFC). Typical symptoms and lesions of duck plague were produced by both the virulent strains. However, in DPV-A infection, the level of mortality and severity of lesions like gizzard muscle necrosis and haemorrhagic bands in the small intestine were more pronounced. DPV-V did not produce any symptoms or lesions on experimental inoculation into ducklings. Embryonated duck eggs were used for passaging DPV-l and isolating DPV-A, while embryonated chicken eggs were used for propagating DPV-V. All the three strains produced mortality of embryos with congestion on CAM and body of the embryo. DPV-A produced more congestion on the extremities of the embryos. Duck embryo fibroblast cultures were used for culturing the virulent strains while chicken embryo fibroblast cultures were used for culturing the vaccine strain. All the three strains produced characteristic CPE, with rounding and clumping of cells, syncytium formation, vacuolation of cytoplasm and formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies. The time for the production of CPE decreased on successive passage. Titration of the three strains of DPV was done in embryonated eggs (ELDso) and cell cultures (TCIDso). DPV-I, DPV-A and DPV-V had an ELD50 of 105.27, 104.86 and 104 per ml respectively. TCIDso of DPV-I and A in DEF culture were 105.75 per ml and 105.25 per ml respectively and that of DPV-V in CEFC was 104.5 per ml. The tissue culture system gives the best titre than the embryonating eggs for all the three DPV strains. On electron microscopy, the field isolate of DPV showed particles ranging from 170-190 nm in diameter. Protein analysis of the virulent strains viz. DPV-I and DPV-A by SDS-PAGE revealed sixteen and fourteen proteins respectively. Mild difference of two proteins (VP17 and VP22) was noticed between the two strains. DPV-A lacked the 28KD and 9KD protein bands. The vaccine strain DPV-V on electrophoresis showed a different pattern of protein bands from the virulent strains. Eighteen proteins could be resolved in the vaccine strain. The molecular weight of sixteen proteins of DPV-I ranged from 9KD to 107KD while the fourteen proteins of DPV-A ranged from l4KD to 107KD. The proteins of the vaccine strain also ranged from 9 KD to 107 KD. The possibility of the occurrence of strain variation as indicated by the difference in the protein patterns of the DP viruses under study is discussed.