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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Livestock Production and Management × Author: KAU × Author: Sandhya, S × End date: 1997 × Start date: 1997 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of exercise on the physiological norms of horses
    (Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1997) Sandhya, S; KAU; Rajagopalan, T G
    In order to study the effect of exercise on the physiological norms of the horses, six horses belonging to the I (K) Mounted Squadron N.C.C. of Kerala Agricultural University were divided at random into groups of three animals. First was subjected to an exercise regime in the first month while the other remained as control. Groups were switched over every month. The parameters studied were body temperature, respiratory rate, heart beat, red blood cell count, packed cell volume, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, glucose and lactic acid, before exercise, after exercise and after one and half hours of rest. The results obtained are tabulated. ________________________________________________________ Parameters Before After After Exercise exercise rest Body temperature 37.72 + 0.064 39.06 + 0.027 38.08 + 0.116 (0C) Respiration rate 21.13 + 0.538 84.28 + 0.805 24.47 + 0.63 Per minute Heart beat per minute 36.19 + 0.083 66.57 + 1.32 41.63 + 1.53 RBO count per 7.29 + 0.049 8.03 + 0.039 7.44 + 0.0498 Million/cc PCV (%) 35.50 + 1.011 44.16 + 1.033 36.44 + 0.812 ESR mm/30 minutes 56.51 + 1.106 37.97 + 2.93 51.46 + 0.95 Glucose (mg%) 73.03 + 0.698 59.45 + 1.242 71.81 + 1.68 Lactic acid (mmol/L) 1.60 + 0.095 1.79 + 0.108 1.61 + 0.095 ________________________________________________________________ Exercise significantly changes all the physiological parameters except body temperature which was kept fairly constant by horses. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were found to cause stress in the horses. Parameters like respiratory rate and heart beat were considerably increased after exercise to keep the body temperature fairly constant in horses. In spite of one and half hours of rest the body temperature, respiratory rate, heart beat, red blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and glucose content could not reach the normal level. However the lactic acid level and packed cell volume could be brought back to the normal level after one and half hours of rest. Age and stages of conditioning of horses were found to influence the level of physiological parameters and time needed to bring them back to the normal level.