Thumbnail Image

Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

Browse

20061
Reset filters
Subject: Livestock Product Technology × Author: KAU × Author: Poulson Joseph × End date: 2010 × Start date: 2006 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Determination of residues of carbofuran and its metabolites in tissues of buffaloes and ducks
    (Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2006) Poulson Joseph; KAU; George T, Oommen
    A research work on the determination of residues of carbofuran and its metabolites in tissues of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) was under taken. The objectives were to develop and standardise a suitable simple method of extraction of residues of carbofuran and its metabolite from meat, liver, kidney and fat of buffaloes and ducks for reversed phase HPLC analysis and to apply this method for further screening of animal tissues for monitoring these residues Fifteen samples of each tissue of buffaloes and ducks were randomly collected from different lots of slaughtered animals in Kerala. Different solvents, viz., acetonitrile (ACN), acetone, methanol, hexane and 2-propanol were used for the extraction of carbofuran residues and its metabolite from tissues. The extracted samples were cleaned up by liquid-liquid partitioning for HPLC analysis using Schimadzu LC-10 AVP series with UV/VIS detector at 211 nm in a mobile phase of acetonitrile (35): water (65). Certified standard references of carbofuran and its metabolites, viz., 3-hydroxy carbofuran, 3-keto carbofuran, 3-hydroxy 7-phenol carbofuran, 3-keto 7-phenol carbofuran and carbofuran phenol were analysed in HPLC to identify the chromatogram peaks of respective compounds. Excellent linearity was observed for carbofuran and 3-hydroxy carbofuran at 1, 10 and 100 ppm. Based on the highest percentage of recovery, ACN was chosen as the best solvent for extraction of residues from meat, liver and kidney and hexane for fat. This solvent system was applied for the extraction of residues in a further HPLC residue monitoring programme in the tissues of buffaloes and ducks. In buffalo meat, liver, kidney and fat the residues of carbofuran and its metabolites could not be detected and hence denoted as below detection limit (BDL). Residues could not be detected in all duck tissue samples, except in one sample, wherein 3-hydroxy carbofuran was detected at 2 ppm and 0.9 ppm in meat and kidney, respectively which is above the MRL. An appropriate method is developed for the screening of animal tissues to detect the presence of residues of carbofuran and its metabolites. This would enable in monitoring and surveillance of residues of carbofuran in animal tissues, hazard analysis and determining the critical control points.