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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × Start date: 2004 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of microsatellite markers for selection of crossbred cattle
    (Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2005) Naicy, Thomas; KAU; Anilkumar, K
    The possibility of using the informations of the allele frequency, genotype frequency, heterozygosity and PIC of five selected microsatellite markers (ILSTS096, HUJII77, BL41, BM1508 and BM4305) and their associations with the economically important traits for the selection of crossbred cattle were studied. Among the economic traits studied milk fat percentage and AFC showed significant difference among the ten sire families and hence their associations with the selected microsatellite markers were worked out. PCR conditions were standardised for each marker separately. The number of alleles, size range and number of genotypes identified were 12, 188-212 bp and 35 respectively for ILSTS096 locus, 13, 193-221 bp and 36 for HUJII77 locus, 14, 232-266 bp and 36 for BL41 locus, 7, 103-115 bp and 17 at BM1508 locus and 12, 146-168 bp and 37 for BM4305 locus in the unrelated crossbred dairy cattle population. The highest direct count heterozygosity was obtained for ILSTS096 followed by BL41, BM4305, HUJII77 and BM1508 (0.877-0.683). The highest unbiased heterozygosity was obtained for ILSTS096 followed by BL41, BM4305, HUJII77 and BM1508 (0.880-0.686). All the markers were highly informative as their PIC values (0.865-0.630) were more than 0.5. Three sire families namely, Deva, Bull No.250 and Hakkim showed significantly lower milk fat percentage and three other (Dipesh, Onkar and Gopal), showed significantly higher AFC. All the five microsatellite markers had significant effect on milk fat percentage and three of them (ILSTS096, BL41 and BM4305) showed significant effect on AFC. The allelic averages of fat percentage for the allele 188 and 204 at ILSTS096 locus, 205 at HUJII77 locus and 154 at BM4305 locus were significantly lower and that of 198 at ILSTS096 locus, 240 at BL41 locus, 109 and 113 at BM1508 locus and 166 at BM4305 locus were significantly higher. The allelic averages of AFC for the alleles 196 at ILSTS096 locus, 246 at BL41 locus and 154 at BM4305 locus were significantly lower. All these three alleles were absent in the sires of the three families having higher AFC. The allelic frequencies of 188 and 204 of the marker ILSTS096 were low in the population and that of 198 was high. So selection against the alleles 188 and 204 and selection for the allele 198 can be done, but the impact of selection will be meagre. At the BL41 locus, frequency of the allele 240 was comparatively low and the frequency of the allele 242 is very high in the population. So the selection for the allele 240 and selection against the allele 242 will have good impact on milk fat percentage of the selected animals. Frequency of allele 246 in the population is comparatively low. Hence selection for this allele will be favourable to reduce the AFC. The frequency of the allele 109 of BM1508 is low. So selection for this allele will be more beneficial. The animals with the allele 166 at BM4305 locus had the highest average of milk fat percentage and the frequency of this allele in the population is very low, hence selection for this allele will have good impact on higher milk fat percentage.