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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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20201
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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × Author: Chakravarthi, Marri × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development of doubled haploids for iron toxicity tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2020) Chakravarthi, Marri; KAU; Dijee, Bastian
    Rice is the staple food crop of the people of Kerala. The production of rice in Kerala is impeded by many biotic and abiotic stresses. Iron toxicity is one of the major abiotic stresses of acidic soils in Kerala. The present study “Development of doubled haploids for iron toxicity tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was taken up with the objective of developing doubled haploids with tolerance to iron toxicity through in vitro anther culture. Doubled haploids being homozygous stable lines, can be used both as immortal populations for QTL mapping as well as varieties, if suitable agronomic traits are present in them. Therefore, this study was taken up which comprised of three experiments. In experiment I, two tolerant genotypes (Swetha and Mangala Mahsuri) and two susceptible genotypes (Cul-90-03 and Cul 8709) were crossed with Tulasi. In the second experiment the parents along with their hybrids were evaluated for biometric characters and yield. The hybrids obtained from the crosses were significantly different for all the characters observed. Panicles per plant and grain yield per plant recorded highly significant and positive relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis. The anthers from the F1s produced in the previous experiment were used for anther culture studies in the third experiment. Sterilisation with various sterilants like 70 % ethanol, 0.1 % mercuric chloride, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and their combinations were done. Explant sterilisation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for 5 to 20 minutes was effective in controlling contamination in the in vitro cultures. Study to know the best number of days of cold pre-treatment at 10oC was done (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 days). Cold pre-treatment of anthers at 10oC for 9 days was found to be optimum for most of the genotypes studied. Two different media viz., N6 and B5 were tried with different combinations of 2,4 - D and Kn. N6 media responded better than B5 media for callus induction in all the growth hormone combinations. The effect of carbon source on callusing was studied using maltose and sucrose at various levels (30,40,50 mg/L) and it was found that maltose at 30g/L gave the best callus induction (7.95%). Among the auxins used in the present study,2,4-D was found to be better than NAA for callus induction while among cytokinins, Kinetin responded better than BAP for callus induction. The growth hormone combination 2,4- D (2mg/L) + Kn (0.5mg/L) was adjudged the best for callus induction. Additives like silver nitrate (AgNO3), casein hydrolysate (CH), yeast extract (YE), proline and activated charcoal were added to the basal media to improve callusing. when AgNO3 is applied from 0 to 1ml with 0.1 ml gradation, 0.5-0.6ml of 0.1N AgNO3 was found to be better in callus induction as well as the days to callus induction was reduced at these concentrations. 250 – 500 mg/L of CH and 250mg/L proline were found to induce significant response for callusing while activated charcoal and yeast extract did not have any considerable effect on callus induction. Hybrid H1 recorded good callus response when maltose at three levels was tried in the media (30, 40, 50g/L) whereas hybrid H2 gave uniform response at all the levels of maltose. There was significant variation among the genotypes in their response to all the factors studied. The best responses were as follows: - H1(Swetha x Tulasi) - N6+2,4-D (2mg/L) + Kn (0.5mg/L) + 30g/L maltose +0.5ml (0.1 N AgNO3) + 250mg/L proline + 250mg/L CH +2.5g/L gelrite gellan gum. H2(Mangala Mahsuri x Tulasi) - N6+2,4-D (2mg/L) +Kn (0.5mg/L) + 30g/L maltose +0.5ml (0.1N AgNO3) +250mg/L proline+250mg/L CH +2.5g/L gelrite gellan gum. H3(Cul-90-03 x Tulasi) - N6+2,4-D (2mg/L) +Kn (0.5mg/L) + 30g/L maltose + 0.5ml (AgNO3) + 250mg/L proline + 250mg/L CH + 2.5g/L gelrite gellan gum. H4(Cul 8709 x Tulasi)- B5 + 2,4-D (2mg/L) + Kn (0.5mg/L) + 30g/L maltose + 0.5ml (0.1N AgNO3) + 250mg/L proline + 250mg/L CH + 2.5g/L gelrite gellan gum. The calli obtained from the different genotypes were plated on two different callus regeneration media R1 (MS+ NAA(1mg/L) + Kn (2mg/L) + IAA (0.5mg/L) + CW (5%)) and R2 (MS+NAA (0.25mg/L) + BAP (0.75mg/L) + Kn(0.25mg/L)). There was no response in R1 media. Callus regenerated into plantlets in R2 but all the plantlets obtained were albinos leading to mortality and hence plantlet hardening and field planting could not be undertaken.