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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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20201
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Subject: Fruit Science × Author: Anju, Jayachandran × Author: KAU × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Responses of mango (Mangifera indica L.) to chemical regulators under high density planting system
    (Department of fruit science, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2020) Anju, Jayachandran; KAU; Ajith Kumar, K
    The experiment on “Response of mango (Mangifera indica L.) to chemical regulators under high density planting system” was conducted to evaluate the response of different mango varieties (Alphonso, Banganapalli, Sindhuram and Nadashala) to chemical regulators under high density planting system in the agro climatic conditions of Muthalamada and also to study the cost effectiveness. The study was undertaken in the farmers’ field in the Muthalamada region of Palakkad district of Kerala during 2019-2020. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. The treatments comprised of T1 -paclobutrazol (soil drenching @ 8 ml in 10 litres of water/tree), T2 - KNO3 (4 % foliar spray), T3 - ethephon (200 ppm foliar spray), T4 - salicylic acid (2000 ppm foliar spray) and T5 - control. Application of KNO3 (4 %) had significant influence on growth, flowering, yield and quality of four mango varieties under study. In Banganapalli, Sindhuram and Nadashala, the days for first flowering and flowering duration was found to be minimum. The maximum inflorescence length and width was observed in Banganapalli and Nadashala. The maximum density of flowers in the inflorescence was observed in Sindhuram. In Alphonso, the time taken from flowering to fruit set and fruit set to fruit maturity was observed to be minimum. The fruit bearing intensity was found to be medium in Alphonso, Banganapalli and Sindhuram and shelf life observed was maximum in Sindhuram (7.0 days). The highest TSS (22.62 ⁰Brix) was observed in Banganapalli with minimum acidity in Alphonso (0.18 %). Total sugars and reducing sugars were found to be maximum in Banganapalli and Sindhuram. When the C/N ratio during flowering and two months after flowering were compared, it was found to be maximum in Sindhuram and Nadashala. The total chlorophyll content was found to be maximum in Banganapalli, Sindhuram and Nadashala. With the application of ethephon (200 ppm), the density of flowers in the inflorescence was found to be medium in Alphonso, Banganapalli and Nadashala. In Banganapalli, the time taken from flowering to fruit set, fruit set to fruit maturity and fruiting duration was found to be minimum. The fruit bearing intensity was found to be medium in Banganapalli and Sindhuram. The highest stomatal index and stomatal frequency were observed in Nadashala and Sindhuram respectively. In Sindhuram and Nadashala, stomatal conductance was found to be the maximum. The highest C/N ratio during flowering and two months after flowering were found to be maximum in Banganapalli. 115 With the application of salicylic acid (2000 ppm), it was observed that in Alphonso, the number of days for first flowering and flowering duration were minimum and inflorescence length was found to be maximum. The highest sex ratio was observed for this treatment in Alphonso (41.62), Banganapalli (37.75), Sindhuram (42.75) and Nadashala (35.12). The maximum density of flowers in inflorescence were observed in Alphonso and Sindhuram. Fruit characters like fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, pulp to stone ratio and pulp to peel ratio were found to be maximum. Maximum shelf life was observed in Alphonso (9.0 days). The highest TSS (22.37 ⁰Brix) was observed in Sindhuram and minimum acidity (0.21 %) in Banganapalli. Maximum ascorbic acid, total sugars and reducing sugars were observed in Alphonso. The stomatal frequency was highest in Alphonso, Banganapalli and Nadashala, whereas highest stomatal conductance was observed in Sindhuram and Nadashala. The highest C/N ratio during flowering and two months after flowering and also maximum chlorophyll content were recorded in Alphonso. When compared to control, soil application of paclobutrazol (8 ml) recorded minimum number days for first flowering in Alphonso, Banganapalli and Nadashala. The density of flowers in the inflorescence and fruit bearing intensity were found to be medium in Banganapalli. Application of KNO3 (4%) gave maximum yield per tree in Banganapalli (15.53 kg/year) and Sindhuram (20.50 kg/year), whereas it was salicylic acid (2000 ppm) in Alphonso (14.62 kg/year). The yield per tree was lowest in Alphonso (11.06 kg/year), Banganapalli (13.00 kg/year) and Sindhuram (13.87 kg/year) with soil application of paclobutrazol (8 ml). The highest B: C ratio were recorded in Alphonso (1.98) and Sindhuram (1.32) with salicylic acid (2000 ppm), whereas in Banganapalli (1.88), it was highest with ethephon (200 ppm). In Banganapalli and Sindhuram, the yield per tree was higher with KNO3 (4 %) application followed by salicylic acid (2000 ppm) application. But when the economic returns were compared, the trees sprayed with salicylic acid (2000 ppm) was found to be economically feasible as the total cost of cultivation was found to be 30 per cent lower than that of KNO3. So, it can be concluded that foliar application of salicylic acid (2000 ppm) is the best for chemical regulation of mango under high density planting system in Muthalamada.