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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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1995 - 19997
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Subject: Fisheries × End date: 1999 × Start date: 1995 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    High density rearing of Labeo Rohita (Hamilton) spown indoors using different feeds
    (Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Panangad, 1998) Dinesh, K; KAU; Mohankumaran, Nair C
    Three day old rohu spawn was reared in indoor tanks with eight different feeds The diets tried were newly hatched Artemia nauplii, size graded Moina micrura, formulated feed, Artemia nauplii + formulated feed, Moina micura+ formulated feed, first 3 days Artemia nauplii and formulated feed later on, first 3 days Moina micrura and formulated feed later on and mixed zooplankton + ricebran and GOC in I: I ratio (conventional method).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ensiling cuttlefish wastes for use as fish feed ingredient
    (Department of Processing Technology, College of Fisheries, Panangad, 1999) Santhosh Kumar, C; KAU; George, M C
    The disposal of cuttle fish processing waste is becoming a major problem for the seafood processing industries in India. Formic acid fish silages and fermented fish silages were prepared using the waste. The silage preparations were stored for 90 days. Samples were drawn on 0,2,3,5,7,14,30,60 and 90th days of storage. The pH and various biochemical parameters like, total nitrogen (TN), non protein nitrogen (NPN), total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), tri methyl amine (TMA) and peroxide value (PV) were carried out. Microbial analyses, viz., total plate count (TPC) and most probable number (M.P.N) of coliforms were carried out for formic acid fish silage preparations, whereas for fermented fish silage preparations, acid producing bacterial count (APBC) and M.P.N of coliforms were determined. All the combinations of fermented fish silage preparations studied, preserved well. A pH of not more than 3.8 was necessary for the formic acid fish silage to be preserved for 90 days. All the silages, which preserved well, were used for making fish feed. The pelletised feeds were fed to common carp tCyprinus carpio) fingerlings. The feeds were consumed by the fishes within 15 minutes of feeding.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Anaesthetization of Liza parsia (Hamilton) fry for oxygen - packed transportation
    (Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Panangad, 1998) Vimala Rose Mathew; KAU; Jayasree Vadhyar, K
    Three fish anaesthetics viz, chloral hydrate at 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 g/l, tertiary butyl alcohol at 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 m1!1 and clove oil at 8.5, 9.0 and 9.5 mg/l were tried on L parsia fry of average weight 0.22 g, at 7 ppt salinity and at ambient temperature 28 ± 2°C to determine the optimum dose of each. The optimum dose was selected on the basis of behavioural pattern, induction and recovery times, ra.e of oxygen consumption and post-treatment survival. The optimum doses obtained for chloral hydrate, tertiary butyl alcohol and clove oil were 0 J 0 g/l, 2.5 mlll and 8.5 mg/l respectively. The effect of each anaesthetic at the selected dose on the metabolic rate of the fry was compared, and significant difference was observed amongst the three anaesthetics and control at these doses. Chloral hydrate and clove oil treatment resulted in lower oxygen consumption rate than that of tertiary butyl , '..11:' _ O;-=-, : ••• - '.' .- • ..c:' alcohol treatment No significant effect was observed on the percentage survival and duration of the fry treated with the three anaesthetics at the selected doses in the oxygen- packed jars. Packing density had significant effect on the sur vival and duration of oxygen-packed fry. The safe duration with 100% survival was 15. ,6 h at 100 fry/I and 3 to 7 hat 200, 300, 400 and 500 fry/I. Linear relationships could be established in the case of (1) chloral hydrate treatment, in the oxygen-packed jars at 70% survival between (a) packing density and dissolved oxygen levels, (b) packing density and carbon dioxide levels and (c) packing density and ammonia -N levels and (2) for tertiary butyl alcohol treatment 91 between (a) packiruz density and dissolved oxygen levels and (b) packing density and carbon dioxide levels Significant difference was observed in the carbon dioxide levels between treated and control jars, while no significant difference was noted in the dissolved oxygen and ammonia -N levels in the treated and control jars.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Microencapsulation and its effects on quality and shelf life of prawn larval feed
    (Department of Processing Technology, College of Fisheries, Panangad, 1998) Rema, M K; KAU; Lizy Behanan
    Three microencapsulated diets have been prepared using clam meal as the protein source and collagen and gelatin (extracted from fish skin waste) and commercially available egg albumin as the encapsulating material. Attempts were made to rear the larval prawn, M 'aorobrachium rosenbergii, with these diets and to study the effect of encapsulation on quality and shelf life of the encapsulated feeds. The results of the 15 days feeding trials showed that all the three encapsul- ated diets were acceptable to the larvae from V th stage onwards with survival rate ranging from 80-90 % which is comparable with that of live Artemia nauplii (90%) and the larvae also undergone moulting during the rearing period. The microbial analysis and the rancidity tests conducted to evaluate the shelf life of the feed showed that all the feeds remain in good condition after 45 days of storage except that the gelatin encapsulated diet showed a comparatively higher . number of microflora. However, the gelatin encapsulated diets showed permissible limit of rnicroflora after 15 days of storage. The peroxide and rnalonaldehyde content of the prepared diets were below the toxic level to affect the survival of the larvae, A definite tolerable level of rancidity in prawn feeds is not known. Hence, to find the lethal level of toxicity of oxidised feed further work has to be done in this field.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Growth response of giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man) juveniles to feeds based on combined animal protein sources
    (Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Panangad, 1998) Neeraja, T; KAU; Susheela Jose
    The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of test diets formulated from dif- ferent animal protein sources viz., clam meat, shrimp meat and crab meat in various combi- nations on the growth of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles was done for a period of 60 days. A comparison has also been made between the diets based on combined protein sources over the diets with single protein sources. Seven isonitrogenous test diets, Tl to T7 were prepared with 35% crude protein. They were diet T 1 with clam meat + shrimp meat + crab meat, diet T 2 with shrimp meat + crab meat, diet T 3 with clam meat + crab meat, diet T 4 with clam meat + shrimp meat, diet T 5 with clam meat, diet T 6 with shrimp meat and diet T 7 with crab meat. The other ingredi- ents used were GOC, tapioca powder, potato starch, cholesterol, sunflower oil and supplevite- M (a vitamin-mineral mixture). Results showed better growth rates in prawnjuveniles fed with diets based on com- bined animal protein sources than those with single animal protein sources. Among the combined protein sources the diet T3 recorded highest growth rate of 265.30 mg though it was not seen to be significantly different from T 4 and Tl. Specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio also showed better performance of prawn juveniles fed on combined ani- mal protein sources. The highest SGR (2.483) and PER (1.137) were recorded in prawns fed on diet T3 and lowest SGR (1.839) and PER (0.747) were obtained with diet T5. The survival rate of juvenile prawns was not found to be significantly influenced by the various test diets used and the survival ranged from 86.67% to 96.67%. Productive protein value (PPV) was found to be highest in prawn juveniles fed on diet T3 (18.807) and the lowest with diet T5 (11.929). The PPV of prawns fed on diets T3 and T4 were found to be significantly higher than those fed on diets T2, T6, T7 and T5.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Vitamin C requirement and its deficiency syndromes in Macrobrachium Rosenberg II juveniles
    (Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Panangad, 1996) Gijo Ittoop; KAU; Sebastain, M J
    An experiment was conducted to study the influence of dietary vitamin e on growth, survival, food conversion ratio, moulting rate and whole body ascorbic acid content of juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii, to determine the optimum dietary requirement of vitamin e and to characterise the deficiency syndromes, if any. Juvenile prawns kept under defined environmental conditions were fed casein based semipurified diets containing eight levels of vitamin C. CVC - F 90, a hydrogenated vegetable oil coated form of vitamin C with 90% available ascorbic acid was used as the vitamin source. Growth, survival, food conversion ratio, moulting rate and whole body ascorbic acid content were found to be significantly affected by dietary vitamin C (P≤ 0.01). Below a level of 75 mg CVC - F 90 per kg of dry diet, deficiency syndromes like poor growth, survival and food conversion, incomplete moulting and black lesions at the tip of walking legs were noticed. The maximum weight gain of 194.92% was obtained with a dietary level of 150 mg eve - F 90 per kg dry diet. Non-linear regression estimate based on percentage weight gain showed the optimum requirement to be 200.3 mg CVC - F 90 per kg dry diet which is equivalent to 182.97 mg AAE / kg dry diet. The tissue ascorbic acid level seemed to reflect dietary levels of Vitamin C. About 15 µ gm tissue ascorbic acid / g was required for maximum growth and survival.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the effect of purging the freshwater prawn Macrobrahium rosenbergii in extending its iced storage life
    (Department of Processing Technology, College of Fisheries, Panangad, 1995) Sudhir, B; KAU; Krishnakumar, S
    In this study the effect of purging the prawn Macrobrachiumrosenbergiito improve its quality during iced storage was studied. Various biochemical and sensory changes that occurred during iced storage was observed. Experiments were done both for headless and headon prawns. For the headless prawns the treatments were (1) freshwater purged, and (2) purged and further chlorine dipped and the purging time was 5 hrs in a 500 litre tank. For the headon prawns purging in running water in a 5000 litre tank for 18 hrs was done. Both experiments were done with a control of unpurged prawns. The headless prawns kept longer than the head on product style more so perhaps due to the effect of beheading. Analysis of variance for alpha amino nitrogen, TVB, NPN, pH and sensory evaluation showed significant difference between purged and unpurged samples in the headon product sytle, the purged sample being of better quality. Similar results were not evident in the case of headless scampi. Longer duration of purging for 18 hrs or longer seems to have an influence on quality. For the headon prawns the acid insoluble ash showed a significant difference between treatments indicating the success in flushing the gut contents by purging. Sensory evaluation showed that headless and headon prawns were acceptable for more than 10 and 7 days respectively. Mushiness was not observed in the headless prawns but started from the third day for the headon control and the fifth day for the purged prawn. In headon prawn presence of black vein was reduced considerably by purging. Thus it was seen that there was an improvement in the general quality of the prawn due to purging.