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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Fisheries × Author: KAU × End date: 2010 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 39
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Reproductive biology of macrobrachium canarae ( tiwari, 1958 ) (decapoda, palaemonidae)
    (Department of Fishery Biology, College of Fisheries, Panangad, 2008) Sreedevi, K H; KAU; Jayachandran, K V
    The aim of this project is to introduce the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium canarae (Tiwari, 1958) as a candidate species in a community aquarium. The orange red shining spot on the second cheliped where the movable finger joins with palm makes it appealing in the aesthetic sense. This species is found to breed in captivity also. For the effective management of the prawn in the aquarium, a thorough knowledge on the various aspects of its reproductive biology is a prerequisite. The various aspects of reproductive biology dealt with are 1. Taxonomy 2. Sexual dimorphism 3. Breeding dress 4. Maturity stages and ovarian development 5. Fecundity 6. Moulting Since the species do not exhibit sexual dimorphism in size, it is difficult to identify male and female. The difference in colour of antennular flagellum between sexes becomes useful especially when they are bred in captivity. The data on maturity stages and also the time of ovarian development finds its use especially in the aquarium rearing. The fecundity studies gives an idea of the number of offsprings which could be produced from a single brood .
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ovararian maturation, breeding and early embryonic development of an indigenous ornamental cyprinid of the western ghats - chela fasciata silas
    (Department of Fishery Biology, College of Fisheries, Panangad, 2008) Indira, Divipala; KAU; Anna Mercy, T V
    Chela fasciata is an indigenous ornamental cyprinid endemic to the Western Ghats of Kerala. It inhabits the riffle zones of River Bharathapuzha at Thootha. A total of 144 fishes (94 females and 50 males) ranging in size from 26.0 to 82.0 mm were collected from the wild and used for the study of reproductive biology. The gonads were quantified into six maturity stages based on external morphology as immature virgin, maturing virgin, early ripening, late ripening, ripe and partially spent. Studies on oocyte distribution of the six stages of maturity were done to understand the maturation of ova in the ovary. The ovaries of Chela fasciata showed asynchronous oocyte development. The oocyte development was classified into nine different oogenic stages namely, chromatin nucleolus stage, early perinucleolus stage, late perinucleolus stage, yolk vesicle stage, primary yolk stage, secondary yolk stage, tertiary yolk stage, migratory nucleus stage and mature oocyte). The first mature females appeared in the length group of 40 – 45 mm and males in the group of 25 – 30 mm. The size at first maturity for female was found to be at 45.75 mm TL (45 – 50 mm) and for males at 36.25 mm TL (35 – 40 mm). All the females were mature by 60.00 mm TL and the males by 45.00 mm TL. Based on the ova diameter frequency study of the ripe ovary, Chela fasciata was found to be a multiple spawner, with a protracted spawning season, the individuals spawning intermittently. Absolute fecundity of the fishes ranged from 2669 to 4437 in fishes of size range 49.5 mm to 82 mm TL. The number and size of eggs were found to be directly proportional to the size and age of the fish. Fecundity showed a positive linear relationship (5% level of significance) with the length and weight of both the fish and ovary. The embryonic development studies showed that the cleavage stage of the egg lasted for about 2 hrs 10 min., post fertilization. The inside egg embryo stage had lasted for 21 hrs, post fertilization. The eggs hatched at the end of 21 hrs, and the embryos emerged tail first. Pigmented eye was seen in one-day-old free embryo. Free embryo stage lasted for three days post fertilization. By the end of third day, the mouth developed, the yolk sac was empty and the exogenous feeding started, the free embryo entering the larval period. A complete understanding of basic reproductive biology of this fish will definitely help in the commercial production under captivity for the domestic and export market of this indigenous ornamental fish.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Utilization of prawn waste as pig feed
    (Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1991) Syam, Mohan K M; KAU; Sivaraman, E
    An investigation was carried out to assess the feeding value of prawn waste as a partial or complete replacement of unsalted dried fish in the rations for growing – finishing pigs. Thirty – two Large White Yorkshire weanling pigs with an average body weight of 9.1 kg were distributed randomly and uniformly as far as possible to four groups (Groups 1, 11, 111 and IV) of eight animals each, with regard to age, sex and body weight and housed in pairs of the same sex. The four dietary treatments A, B, C and D were allotted to the pigs in the groups 1, 11, 111 and IV respectively. Of the total protein, 25 per cent in the diets A, B and C and 12.5 per cent in the diet D were provided as animal protein. Unsalted dried fish was used as animal protein source in the diets C and D. Diet C formed the control diet. In the diets A and B, 50 per cent and 100 per cent replacements respectively of animal protein from unsalted dried fish were made using dried prawn waste. All the animals were maintained on the respective diets with 18 per cent total protein upto an average live weight of 50 kg and with 14 per cent protein till they attained a body weight of 70 kg or 8 months of age, whichever was earlier, when they were slaughtered to study carcass characteristics.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development of Malaysian Type Fish Crackers From Nemipterus Japonicus (BLOCH)
    (Department of Processing Technology,College of Fisheries, Panangad, 2001) Venugopal, Dubakula; KAU; Sajan, George
    A study was undertaken for the preparation of fish crackers using a low cost fish, threadfm bream (Nemipterus japonicus, Bloch). A method was standardised for making crackers based on that generally followed in Malaysia. Fish meat was mixed with various food additives such as starch, salt, sugar, monosodium glutamate, colour and water, and stuffed into high-density polyethylene casings as rolls, cooked, cooled, sliced and dried.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the electrophoretic pattern of Fish/ Shellfish proteins subjected to frozen storage
    (Department of Processing Technology,College of Fisheries, Panangad, 2000) Bomy, Chummar; KAU; Nambudiri, D D
    Freezing considered as an excellent process for preserving the quality of fish for longer periods. But freezing may affect various flesh components, especially the proteins. Sarcoplasmic proteins play a major role in species identification of fish and fishery products. While myofibrillar proteins play a major role in the jellying properties of surimi and surimi based products. The changes to these groups of proteins due to freezing and frozen storage have received much attention. Four species Megalaspis cordyla, Labeo rohita, Penaeus indicus and Parapenaeopsis styli/era were used for the frozen storage study. Samples were stored for 90 days at -18°C and samples were collected at 15 day. intervals and Salt Soluble Nitrogen (SSN), Water Soluble Nitrogen (WSN) and Non-Protein Nitrogen (NPN) content were determined. Electrophoretic pattern of both Salt Soluble Proteins (SSP) and Water Soluble Proteins (WSP) of frozen stored sample were compared with that of the fresh sample.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    High density rearing of Labeo Rohita (Hamilton) spown indoors using different feeds
    (Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Panangad, 1998) Dinesh, K; KAU; Mohankumaran, Nair C
    Three day old rohu spawn was reared in indoor tanks with eight different feeds The diets tried were newly hatched Artemia nauplii, size graded Moina micrura, formulated feed, Artemia nauplii + formulated feed, Moina micura+ formulated feed, first 3 days Artemia nauplii and formulated feed later on, first 3 days Moina micrura and formulated feed later on and mixed zooplankton + ricebran and GOC in I: I ratio (conventional method).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact of training programme on hygienic measures followed in pelling sheds
    (Department of Management Studies, College of Fisheries, Panangad, 1989) Daisy, C Kappen; KAU; Pushkaran, P S
    The study was conducted in Quilon district of Kerala with a view to measure the impact of training programme on hygienic measures followed in peeling sheds. The major objectives were: 1. To study the level of knowledge about hygienic measuroe of trained peeling shed workers in comparison with those who have not attended the training programme. 2. To study the perception of the trained peeling shed workers about the quality of the product. • 3. To compare the association, if any, existing between the socio-psychological and economic factors of trained and untrained peeling shed workers with the level of knowledge and extent of perception. 4. To study the motivational factors responsible for attending the training programme by the peeling shed workers. The sample consisted of randomly selected 60 trained and 60 untrained peeling shed workers. Data were collected using interview schedule and suitable statistical techniques were employed for the analysis of data. The study revealed that the trained peeling shed workers had significantly higher knowledge than untrained peeling shed workers. They also had significantly higher perception about the quality of the product than untrained peeling shed workers. The peeling shed workers perceived the factor ‘Quality of the raw material’ as the most important one in determining the final quality of the product. The perception on the factors contributing to the final quality of the product were same for both trained and untrained peeling shed workers. The selected independent variables together contributed significantly in the variation in knowledge and perception about the quality of the product of both trained and untrained peeling shed workers. The correlation analysis revealed that education was positively and significantly related with level of knowledge of trained peeling shed workers; while age, occupation and family indicated negative and significant association. In the case of untrained peeling shed workers extension orienta¬tion is the only variable Which Indicated positive and signi¬ficant relationship with level of knowledge. Education showed positive and significant relationship with perception about the quality of the product of trained peeling shed workers. Age and occupation revealed negative and significant association. In the case of untrained peeling shed workers only age Indicated negative and significant relationship with perception about the quality of the product. Innovativeness was the major motive which induced the peeling shed workers to attend the training programme.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Microbial risk assessment and process standardization for cook-chill fish and partially processed value added fish
    (Department of processing technology, College of fisheries, Panangad, 2007) Anju; KAU; Namboodiri, D D
    A study was undertaken for the preparation of cook-chill fish from Selar crumenophthalmus and partially processed value added fish from Oreochromis mossambicus and their microbial risk analysis. Standardization of processing technique for both products was done. Parameters standardized were brining conditions and blanching conditions for cook-chill fish. Standardization of brining condition was carried out for partially processed value added fish. Various brining conditions studied were brine concentrations of 3%, 5%, 6% for 5min, 10min, 15min and blanching at 75oC for 60sec, 90sec, and 120sec for cook-chill fish. In the case of partially processed value added fish brining concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3% for 5min, 10min, and 15min. Salt content and sensory evaluation were carried out, in case of cook-chill fish to select best blanching time. TPC values were determined. Based on the results the following treatments were selected. In the case of cook-chill fish brine concentration of 5% for 10min and blanching at 75oC for 90sec were selected. For partially processed value added fish the brine concentration of 2% for 10min was selected. Both products were packed and chill stored using ice at 4oC. Cook-chill fish was packed in polyethylene and heat sealed. Partially processed value added fish was vacuum packed in 12 polyester laminated with polyethylene 200 gauge. Control was used for comparative study. Control in the case of cook-chill fish (Selar crumenophthalmus) was fish fillets stored without any brining, cooking treatments. For partially processed value added fish (Oreochromis mossambicus), control was not given any brine treatment, was packed in polyethylene and heat sealed using electric heat sealer. During storage TMA, TVB-N, TPC and test for specific microorganisms were carried out. Results of quality parameters showed a greater shelf life of five days for test samples compared to the control in both the products.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on depuration of edible oyster Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston)
    (Department of processing technology, College of fisheries, Panangad, 1993) Usha, P T; KAU; Damodaran, Namboodiri
    Oysters crassostrea madrasensis harvested from cochin back waters are commonly contaminated with low levels of food poisoning organisms such as E.coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholera, V-parahaemolyticus etc, heavy metals like cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, mercury etc and sand content. Depuration studies were conducted to find out any changes in the biochemical constituents such as total Nitrogen, salt soluble Nitrogen, Non protein Nitrogen, Ash and sand content. The studies revealed that there were no significant changes in the biochemical constituents during the 48th depuration period. Oysters were laboratory contaminated to levels in excess of 10000 cells /g with E.coli and it was cleansed from such oysters during purification in a laboratory depuration unit that used ultraviolet light and chlorination for sterilizing the depuration water. Depuration in sterilized water using ultra violet light treatment was found to be more efficient in cleansing the oyster of pathogen, E.Coli than using chlorination. Of the two salinity tested depuration of oyster in seawater at 35 ppt salinity gave better results compared t that in 30ppt salinity sea water both sterilised with uv light. Depuration of oyster in unsterile seawater and in seawater sterilised 10 ppm chlorination was found to be least effective in cleansing the oyster to the acceptable international standard of less than 2.3 E.Coli/g oyster meat within 48h depuration. There was no appreciated change in the sensory characteristics of oysters such as aroma, taste, and flavor. However there was significant change in the grittiness characteristics of oyster after 48h depuration. Depuration was not effective in removing heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, zinc, Tin and Mercury from the oyster within the depuration period of 48h.