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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Dairy Technology × Author: Sathian, C T × End date: 1994 × Start date: 1990 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of feeding additives on total solids of cow's milk
    (Department of Dairy Science, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1992) Sathian, C T; KAU; Francis, U T
    A study was undertaken to evaluate effect of feeding acetic acid (200 ml/day), sodium bicarbonate (1.5% of the concentrate), potassium carbonate (1.2% of the concentrate) and magnesium oxide (0.8% of the concentrate) on solids content of cow's milk. An exhaustive review of literature has been presented about the use of these additives in cow ration for modifying milk composition. Six cross-bred.cows within the stage of 60 to 160 days of lactation with milk fat content of three to four per cent were alloted for feeding each additive. The feeding was done for 25 days of which first 20 days served as adaptation period. Milk samples were collected during pre-treatment period/ adaptation period, treatment (experimental) period and post-feeding period. Pre treatment period samples served as the control. Milk samples were analysed for fat per cent, protein per cent and total solids per cent. The methods of analysis have been detailed. Solids-not-fat per cent was found out by difference. Daily milk yield (kg/d) of each cow was noted. Fat yield (kg/d) and protein yield (kg/d) were calculated. The feed consumption by animals was recorded. The effect of additives were compared. Sodium bicarbonate and potassium carbonate significantly increased fat per cent of milk by 0.4 and 0.35 from pre-treatment values respectively. Acetic acid and magnesium oxide produced only non-significant increases in fat per cent which continued during post-feeding period also. Potassium carbonate feeding increased milk protein per cent significantly by 0-42 from pre-treatment value. Comparison between additives showed that effects produced by potassium carbonate on protein per cent significantly differed from effects produced by acetic acid. Total solids content was significantly increased by 0.42 per cent on feeding potassium carbonate from pre treatment value. None of the additives produced significant changes in solids-not-fat percentage. Sodium bicarbonate and potassium carbonate significantly reduced milk yiled by 1.28 kg/d and 0.71 kg/d from the pre-treatment values respectively. This reduction continued during post-feeding period. Non-significant changes in fat yield and protein yield were produced by all the additives except potassium carbonate. Feed consumption by the animals was not affected by feeding any of the additives Sodium bicarbonate and potassium carbonate significantly increased milk fat per cent. But their use in the ration is not recommended due to significant reduction in milk yield.