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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence × Author: KAU × End date: 2003 × Start date: 2003 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ultrasonographic evaluation of canine hepatic disorders
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2003) Renjith, R; KAU; Alex, P C
    Study on 'Ultrasonographic evaluation of canine hepatic disorders' was conducted on forty eight dogs to evaluate the utility of ultrasonography as a tool for early and better diagnosis of liver diseases and classify liver diseases based on ultrasonographic findings. Parameters studied were history and clinical signs, physical examination, ultrasonography of liver, ultrasound guided biopsy, haematology and serum biochemistry, post-mortem examination and histopathology. Specific clinical signs noticed were ascites and icterus. Physical examination revealed abdominal distension, yellowish discolouration of skin and hepatomegaly. Primary liver disorders identified by ultrasound scans were haematoma, lymphosarcoma, hepatitis due to leptospirosis, cirrhosis, fibrosis, fatty infiltration, chronic active hepatitis, portal hypertension and portosystemic shunt. Secondary changes noticed in liver were due to pyometra, proctitis and cholecystitis, hepatic calcification in chronic renal failure and passive venous congestion in right sided heart failure. Ultrasound guided biopsy confirmed lymphosarcoma, fatty infiltration and , chronic active hepatitis. Histological changes in leptospirosis were chronic venous . and sinusoidal congestion whereas ~n cirrhosis, fibrosis and pseudo lobulation were the prominent histological change. Alkaline phosphatase and Alanine aminotransferase levels were above normal values in all the cases studied. From the present study it was inferred that ultrasonography was a valuable tool for diagnosing hepatopathies along with clinico-pathological and ultrasound guided biopsy.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of trisodium citrate in the treatement of mastitis in cattle
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2003) Sindhu, O K; KAU; Baby, P G
    A study was conducted in the Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, for a period of three semesters during the year 2002 and 2003, to assess the efficacy of oral administration oftri- sodium citrate as therapeutic agent in subclinical mastitis of cattle and as a supportive treatment along with antibiotic in clinical mastitis of cattle and to evaluate the levels of pH, citric acid, calcium, lactose and chloride in milk of cattle affected with mastitis. Twenty cases of subclinical mastitis and fifteen cases of clinical mastitis were utilized for the study. Subclinical mastitis cases were divided in to three groups and clinical mastitis cases divided into two groups based on the therapeutic trial adopted. Gram positive cocci were isolated from cases in which the milk appeared white, cream, slight yellow or yellow coloured with fine clots or flakes. Gram negative coccobacilli were isolated from cases in which the milk appeared straw or yellow coloured watery milk with clots or without clots. Gram positive cocci were isolated from majority of the subclinical and clinical mastitis cases than the gram negative coccobacilli. Gram positive cocci were, highly sensitive to enrofloxacin, cephotaxime and ciprofloxacin. Gram negative coccobacilli were highly sensitive to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, gentamicin, Enrofloxacin, Cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin. The pH and chloride levels of the affected quarter milk in subclinical and clinical mastitis cases before the treatment showed significant increase compared to the nonaffected quarter milk values. These values showed significant decrease to normal level on post treatment. The mean values of citric acid, lactose and calcium levels of the affected quarter milk in subclinical and clinical mastitis cases before the treatment, showed significant decrease before treatment when compared to the nonaffected quarter milk values. These values significantly increased and reached normal levels after treatment. Oral administration of tri-sodium citrate was found to be effective in treating subclinical mastitis cases. All the biochemical parameters of milk came to normal level in all cases in the trisodium citrate alone treated group by sixth day of treatment and also the increase in milk production after the treatment was slightly better in this group. Oral administration of tri-sodium citrate along with antibiotic was found to be effective in managing clinical mastitis cases. 100 percent bacteriological cure was observed in this group whereas only 75per cent bacteriological cure observed in the other group.