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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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2000 - 20013
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Subject: Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence × Author: KAU × End date: 2001 × Start date: 2000 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Investigations on etio-pathology of vomiting in dogs
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2001) Muraly, P; KAU; Baby, P G
    The study "INVESTIGATIONS ON ETIO-PATHOLOGY OF VOMITING IN DOGS" was conducted in 20 dogs to evaluate ultrasonography and radiography as diagnostic tools in vomiting dogs; to assess hydration status, electrolyte and acid-base balance in vomiting dogs and to correlate clinico-pathologic findings with radiographic and ultrasonographic changes. Various parameters such as history, physical examination, hydration status, ultrasonography, radiography-plain and contrast, haematology, serum biochemistry, and wherever possible histopathology were studied. Most of the dogs under study had bile stained watery vomitus but dogs with pyloric stenosis had frothy or watery white vomitus. The frequency of vomiting in dogs with gastritis and gastrointestinal (GI) obstruction was two to seven times per day, it was variable in dogs with hepatic and renal disorders, but was associated with food intake in dogs with pyloric stenosis. Physical examination was found useful in dogs with GI obstruction, while it was non-specific in dogs with gastritis and renal disorders. Capillary refill time (CRT) and degree of sunken eye balls were helpful to assess dehydration. Estimation of volume of packed red cells (VPRC) was found beneficial to assess dehydration unless the dogs are anemic. Ultrasonography could not identify any lesions in dogs with gastritis, but was useful to detect GI obstructions due to pyloric stenosis, intussusception and foreign body and to characterise lesions in the parenchymal organs like liver and kidney. While plain radiographs could give indication to possible non-radiopaque GI obstructions, contrast radiography was required to confirm. Radiography could not identify any lesions in dogs with gastritis, hepatic and chronic intestitial nephritis. Hypokalemia with metabolic alkalosis was the significant electrolyte and acid-base derangement in dogs with vomiting due to gastritis and GI obstructions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Clinico-therapeutic study of ruminal lactic acidosis in goats
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 2000) Anil Thachil, J; KAU; Baby, P G
    welve goats with history and symptoms suggestive of ruminal acidosis were divided into two groups (I and 11). Six healthy goats were also served as controls. Detailed clinical examination, recording of clinical data, sampling and analysis of rumen liquor and blood were done at zero hour, one hour, 12 h, 24 h, 48 hand 72 h of the study. Therapeutic management of group I was done by giving five per cent sodium bicarbonate solution intravenously at a dose rate of 5 ml / kg ; whereas in group 11 it was replaced with a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate (carbicarb) intravenously at a dose rate of 4 ml / kg. Animals of group I and 11 were given dexamethasone 20 mg intravenously, evacuated rumen contents and given .. magnesium hydroxide and oxytetracycline orally. Supportive treatments were done with fluids, vitamin B complex inj ection daily and transfer of fresh rumen liquor on second or third day in both groups. The clinical signs noticed were anorexia, dullness, low carriage of head, dry muzzle, sunken eyes, tending of skin, oliguria, distended abdomen, cold extremities and retracted eye balls. There was improvement in the pulse quality and also considerable reduction in respiratory rate noticed in animals of group 11 than in group I at 24 h of .treatment. In both groups, the rumen liquor colour, odour, consistency and protozoal motility became normal, SAT and MBRT showed improvement and elevated rumen liquor lactic acid became normal by 72 h. Elevated haemoglobin, PCV, TEC, TLC and neutrophilia also became normal. Improvement in serum bicarbonate level was marked in group 11 than in group I at 24 hand 48 h of treatment. Serum lactic acid showed significant increase at zero hour in group I and 11, but came to normal in group 11 at 72 h, but not in group I. Elevated serum protein level at zero hour also came to normal. Clinical assessment throughout the study revealed that all animals of group 11 appeared more alert and active and recovered earlier than in group I.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Electrocardiogram abnormalities in cardiac disorders of dogs
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2001) Ravindran, P; KAU; Ajithkumar, S
    In the present study, standard electrocardiogram patterns were worked out from sixty normal dogs. These dogs were grouped according to age groups like dogs below one year and above one year and different breeds like German Shepherd, Dobermann pinscher, Dachshund, Spitz and Mongrel. Based on the clinical signs and electrocardiogram abnormalities, thirteen dogs were grouped into ( 1) dogs with congestive heart failure, (2) dogs with ventricular enlargement secondary to anaemia and (3) dogs with electolyte imbalance due to renal disease. Congestive heart failure was found to be more in geriatric small breeds like Dachshund and Spitz. The clinical signs observed in dogs with CHF were anorexia, cough, exertional dyspnoea, exercise intolerance, orthopnoea, crackles, murmurs, syncope, cachexia and ascites. Clinical signs exhibited by the dogs with ventricular enlargement secondary to anaemia were anorexia, pale visible mucous membranes, weakness and respiratory distress. Dogs with electrolyte imbalance due to renal disease exhibited anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea, malena, polydipsia, oliguria and anuria. The electrocardiographic signs exhibited by dogs with congestive heart failure were consistent with left atria! enlargement, left and right ventricular enlargement, ventricular tachycardia and right bundle branch block. Dogs in group II had right and left ventricular enlargement as major electrocardiogram abnormality. Dogs in group III with renal disease exhibited tall and peaked ‘T ’ wave and prolonged ‘Q-T- interval in electrocardiogram specifically on the chest leads. The prominent radiographic signs observed in dogs with CHF in the present study were left atrial enlargement, left and right ventricular enlargement and tracheal elevation. Dogs in group II showed left ventricular enlargement, pericardial effusion and tracheal elevation. Group III animals had no radiographic signs of cardiac enlargement. Ultrasonographic evidence of cardiac involvement were present in three dogs, two with CHF and one with ventricular enlargement secondary to anaemia. The findings of postmortem examination of the heart in one dog with CHF were suggestive of mitral valvular insufficiency. Haematology showed no variations in dogs with CHF. Group II and III animals exhibited anaemia evidenced by haematological changes like low TEC, Hb and PCV. Group III animals had neutrophilia with lymphopenia. Group III also had microcytic anaemia.