Thumbnail Image

Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

Browse

1989 - 198911990 - 19993
Reset filters
Subject: Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence × Author: KAU × End date: 1999 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Metabolic profile of downer cow syndrome
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 1994) Mhachuvino Catherine, Khatsu; KAU; Alikutty, K M
    The metabolic profile of ‘Downer Cow’ syndrome in field conditions was studied. Fourteen field cases of ‘Downers’ in crossbred dairy cows aged three to thirteen years, ranging from 250 to 300 kg body weight from Trichur district were selected at random and utilized for the study. Fourteen apparently healthy crossbred dairy cows of similar age group and body weight, maintained under similar conditions of feeding and management from the area from which the clinical cases studied were also selected at random and utilized as the healthy controls. Samples of blood for haematological and biochemical parameters, urine and dung from both healthy and diseased animals were collected and analysed using standard methods. Analyses of the data from fourteen diseased animals indicated a higher incidence in Jersey crossbred cows during summer season. Prominent clinical signs were sternal recumbency exhibiting hindquarter weakness and reduced feed and water intake. However, the affected animals remained bright and alert with no evidence of any systemic disturbances. The clinical data were within physiological limit. Highly significant increase in PCV and significant increase in Hb but no significant difference in ESR, RBC and WBC were observed. Lymphopenia, neutrophilia and eosinopenia were observed with no variation in basophils and monocytes counts. Biochemically, hypocalcaemia,hypophosphataemia, hypoproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia were obtained from ‘Downers’ with no significant variation in blood glucose, urea nitrogen, sodium, potassium, magnesium and albumin/globulin ratio. Urinalysis revealed no consistent result indicative of any systemic involvement and no parasitism on dung examination microscopically.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Haematological And Serum Biochemical Profile Of Intestinal Impaction In Elephants
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 1999) Jayakrishnan, T N; KAU; Alex, P C
    The present study was undertaken to analyze the haematological and biochemical alterations in elephants affected with gastro-intestinal tract impaction. The epidemiology, clinical fmdings and haematology were the main items of observations. Six elephants affected with gastro-intestinal tract impaction lasting for more than four days in and around Thrissur district were utilized for the study. Six apparently healthy elephants in and around Thrissur district were selected at random and utilized as the healthy controls. The detailed history was collected using a questionnaire (Annexure I). Sample of whole blood and serum from the animals of the healthy and diseased groups were collected and analysed. Haematological values consisting ofESR, PCV, Hb, TEC, TLC and DLC were recorded. Urea nitrogen, glucose, sodium, chloride, potassium, total protein, creatinine, bicarbonate, lactate and AST in the serum were estimated using standard methods. Analysis of the data indicated that the disease was more common in male elephants than in females. The incidence was more in summer season i.e., during the season of festivals. Characteristic clinical symptoms were absence of defaecation ~, tttc!ife than 24 hours, varying degrees of straining, exudation from re~t»m ~rn1 Y~frfrg degrees of dehydration. Clinical data were within physiological limits on the day of collection of blood sample, i.e. on the fourth day after the development of clinical symptoms. A highly significant increase in PCV but without significant alterations in Hb, ESR, TEC, TLC and DLC were observed in elephants affected with gastro-intestinal tract impaction. Biochemical changes in blood included a highly significant increase in urea-nitrogen and lactate levels. Highly significant decrease in the level of chloride was noticed. Significant increase in the level of bicarbonate was noticed. Decrease in the levels of glucose and potassium in the affected elephants was significant. Variations in total protein, sodium, creatinine and aspartate amino transferase in the blood were not significant. Changes in the parameters observed in elephants with gastro-intestinal tract impaction in the present study indicated that mild metabolic alkalosis with hypochloremia and hypokalemia were associated with this condition. Intensive treatment with a balanced electrolyte solution! Dextrose saline/ gastric replacement solutions is recommended in the early stages of gastro-intestinal tract impaction.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Experimental selenosis in cattle
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Mannuthy, 1989) Jayakumar, K M; KAU; Aleyas, N M
    Experimental studies were conducted on six calves keeping two as control by oral administration of sodium selenite at the rate of 1.0 mg/kg body weight thrice a week over a period of 24 weeks. Visible signs of toxicity were noticed only from week 13 onwards in experimental animals. The clinical toxicologic signs recorded were anorexia, cachexia, incoordination of gait, increased pulse and respiratory rates, pale and watery mucous membrane, subnormal temperature, cold and clammy skin, lacrimation and respiratory distress followed by recumbency and death. Laboratory evaluation of plasma protein, plasma vitamin A, haemoglobin (Hb), volume of packed red cells (VPRC), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC) and ascorbic acid level in the blood were carried out at weekely intervals. Since visible signs of toxicity were observed from week 13 onwards, the parameters studied were divided into 2 sets; Ist to 12the weeks (first half) and 13th to 24th weeks (second half) for statistical evaluation of data. In experimental animals, significant reduction was observed only in respect of plasma vitamin A (P < 0.01), ascorbic acid level in blood (P < 0.01) and TEC (P < 0.05) during the first half, whereas all the parameters studied showed significant fall (P < 0.01) in the second half. The mean values of plasma protein, plasma vitamin A, haemoglobin, VPRC, TEC, TLC and ascorbic acid level in the blood in experimental animals were 7.53 + 0.09 g/dl, 30.07 + 0.59 µg/dl, 10.28 + 0.11 g/dl. 29.68 + 0.34 %, 5.16 + 0.4 mill.,/cmm, 7243.06 + 66.2 cells/cmm and 223.12 + 3.46 µg/dl respectively. The corresponding values in the control group were 7.77 + 0.07 g/dl, 32.29 + 0.48 µg/dl, 10.08 + 0.06 g/dl, 30.58 + 0.38 %, 5.42 + 0.09 mill./cmm, 7000 + 168.52 cells/ cmm and 274.38 + 1.41 µg/dl. During the second half, the mean values of the above parameters in experimental group were 6.30 + 0.13 g/dl, 22.56 + 0.38 µg/dl, 8.31 + 0.16 g/dl, 25.09 + 0.49%, 4.82 + 0.03 mill./cmm, 5905.62 + 94.14 cells/cmm and 162.32 + 4.8 µg/dl and in the control group were 7.29 + 0.04 g/dl, 32.29 + 0.48 µg/dl, 10.43 + 0.09 g/dl, 31.08 + 0.54 %, 5.58 + 0.09 mill./cmm and 7066.69 + 124.67 cells/cmm and 275.21 + 1.17 µg/dl. The gross and microscopic pathology of internal organs in experimental animals revealed that liver is the primary organ affected followed by kidneys, heart, gastrointestinal tract and brain. The pathological lesions noticed in the liver were focal haemorrhages, fatty degeneration, centrilobular necrosis and varying degree of fragmention of hepatic cells with congestion and dialatation of capillaries. The lesions in the kidney were focal areas of degeneration, medullary haemorrhages, tubular necrosis, cloudy swelling and fatty changes. Varying degree of degeneration, necrosis and lymphocytic infiltration and replacement fibrosis were observed in the cardiac muscle. Changes noticed in the gastrointestinal tract were oedema, focal areas of haemorrhage and necrosis of the mucosal and submucosal layers.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Dermatological disorders in dogs
    (Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1999) Madhu Rajan, Mathews; KAU; Aleyas, N M
    Fifty dermatological diseases in dogs presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, Kokkalai and Veterinary College Hospital, Mannuthy were systematically investigated to find out the etiology. The results indicated that the conditions were mostly caused by bacteria and ectoparasites (42% each) and only a small proportion was caused by fungi (4%) and other factors (12%). Sixteen different clinical conditions were identified viz, Superficial Bacterial Folliculitis, Impetigo, German Shepherd Pyoderma, Furunculosis, Infantile Pustular Dermatoses, Localised Demodicosis, Generalised Demodicosis, Flea Bite Hypersensitivity, Flea Bite Dermatitis, Tick infestation, Pediculosis, Dermatophytosis, Dermatomycosis produced by non-dermatophyte, Callus Pyoderma, Telogen Defluxion, Irritant Contact Dermatitis and Lentigo. Among the dogs which were investigated, non-descript ones were mostly affected probably due to lesser care and attention given to them. The results suggested that animals kept full time indoor or outdoor were almost equally affected whereas animals reared under semi intensive system were less prone to dermatological diseases. In almost all conditions secondary lesions were predominant than pnmary lesions probably. due to the delay in medical attention. The only condition, with primary lesions alone, was lentigo. Lesions of bacterial dermatitis were predominant in the abdomen, hind legs and trunk. In dermatophytosis, ear, trunk and hind legs were affected, where as in dermatomycosis, head, trunk, hind legs and fore legs were affected. The lesions produced by ectoparasites were mostly in the back followed by trunk and fore legs. No characteristic distribution of lesions could be detected in other conditions; with an exception of callus pyoderma in which lesions were seen at the pressure points. The ditferent clinical bacterial dermatitis were produced by Staphylococcus intermedius. Ectoparasitic conditions were mostly produced by Demodex canis, followed by fleas, ticks and lice. Some cases of the ectoparasitic conditions developed secondary bacterial infection with S. intermedius. There were four clinical conditions, namely callus pyoderma, telogen defluxion, irritant contact dermatitis and lentigo caused by factors other than bacteria, fungi and ectoparasites. The haernatological and serum biochemical parameters studied did not suggest any systemic diseases. A significant reduction in haemoglobin level was noticed in impetigo, generalised dernodicosis and flea bite hypersensitivity. RBC counts were significantly reduced in impetigo and folliculitis. The total leukocyte count showed significant difference from that of control animals, in conditions such as folliculitis, German Shepherd Pyoderma, furunculosis, localised demodicosis, generalised demodicosis, flea bite hypersensitivity, flea bite dermatitis, tick infestation and callus pyoderma; suggesting primary or secondary bacterial infections.