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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence × Author: KAU × Author: Raji, K C × Start date: 2009 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Endoscopic evaluation and management of large bowel disorders in dogs
    (College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2010) Raji, K C; KAU; Jayakumar, K M
    Endoscopic evaluation of large bowel diarrhoea was conducted in 15 dogs and the clinical signs correlated with endoscopic appearance and histological findings. Parameters studied were detailed history, clinical signs, faecal sample examination for ova of internal parasites and faecal culture, rectal cytology, haematology, serology, colonoscopy and histopathology of mucosal biopsy. Average age of the affected animals with large bowel disorders was 2.9 years. Among dog breeds, highest incidence was found in German Shepherd followed by Doberman pincher. Male dogs were more affected by the large bowel disorders. Clinical signs specific to large bowel disorders were straining, haematochezia, excess mucus in the faeces and frequent defecation with small volume of faeces. Rectal cytology helped to identify the type of mucosal inflammation even before doing colonoscopy, since it was always related with the histopathology result. Marked anaemia with hypoproteinaemia was detected in dogs affected with histiocytic ulcerative colitis that had grave prognosis. Mild anaemia was recognized in parasitic colitis and in most cases of chronic colitis. Gastrointestinal parasitism and dietary indiscrimination produced acute colitis in some animals. In chronic colitis even though the exact etiology was not determined the positive response to corticosteroids therapy with hypoallergenic diet indicated that a prolonged antigenic stimulation might be the inciting cause. On colonoscopy, the mucosa was found to be hyperemic and oedematous in dogs affected with acute colitis. In chronic inflammatory conditions, colonoscopy revealed varying degrees of hyperemia, oedema, mucosal ulcers, haemorrhage and increased mucosal friability. Histopathological changes in acute colitis were mild lymphocytic plasmacytic infiltrations with or without cryptitis, whereas chronic colitis was characterized by severe infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells or histiocytes. Treatment of the inflammatory bowel disorders were based on the severity of clinical signs and degree of inflammatory infiltrates. Dietary modification was suggested in all types of large bowel disorders. From the present study, it was inferred that colonoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool for large bowel disorders.