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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Investigaion on hepato-biliary disorders in dogs
    (Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2008) Elso, John; KAU; Jayakumar, K M
    Investigation on heapto-biliary disorders was conducted in forty dogs using ultrasonography and correlated ultrasonography with haemato-biochemical and histological findings. Parameters studied were history, clinical signs, physical examination, ultrasonography of liver, serology, haematology and serum biochemistry, post-mortem examination and histopathology. Age of affected animals with hepato-biliary disorders was 4.54 ± 0.47 years. Among dog breeds, highest incidence was found in German shepherd followed by Dachshund. Female dogs were more affected by the hepato-biliary disorders. Clinical signs more specific to hepato-biliary disorders were ascites and icterus. Primary hepatic diseases that produced ultrasound changes were hepatic abscess, hepatic neoplasia, leptospirosis, cirrhosis, fibrosis and chronic active hepatitis. Biliary changes were observed in cholangiocellular carcinoma, chloangiohepatitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis and gall bladder sludge. Secondary liver diseases were associated with pyometra, ehrlichiosis, rhabdomyolysis and passive venous congestion due to dilated cardiomyopathy. Varying degrees of leucocytosis and anaemia were the consistent finding. Total serum protein and albumin were reduced in majority of hepato-biliary disorders, with a marked reduction in cirrhosis and fibrosis. Serum copper level was elevated in Dalmatians with chronic hepatitis. Serum alpha feto protein was detected/increased in hepatic neoplasia. Serum activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transferase were elevated in varying degrees in majority of hepatobiliary disorders. Histological changes in leptospirosis were chronic venous and sinusoidal congestion. In cirrhosis, major histological findings were fibrosis and pseudolobulation whereas biliary hyperplasia in cholangiocarcinoma. From the present study it was inferred that ultrasonography was a valuable diagnostic tool for hepatopathies supported with clinico-haemato-biochemical findings.