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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Botany × End date: 1994 × Start date: 1990 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Induced mutagenesis in rose under in vivo and in vitro culture
    (Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1993) Wilson, D; KAU; Krishnan Nair, N
    Investigations were carried out at the Department of Agricultural Botany and Tissue Culture Laboratory attached to the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the period from 1989-1993 on “Induced mutagenesis in rose under in vivo and in vitro culture. Induced mutagenesis adopting in vivo method was carried out with three rose cvs. Alliance, Suraga and Folklore belonging to Hybrid Tea group. The cv. Folklore alone was utilized for induced mutagenesis adopting in vitro culture. The budwoods of three selected cultivars were collected at three different stages of growth and exposed to Gamma rays at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 Gy, and budded on rooted stock plants and effect of gamma rays on morphological attributes were recorded. In vitro culture conditions were standardized for cv. Folklore. Budwoods were collected at five different growth stages and exposed to gamma rays at 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy, before culturing. The in vitro variations in terms of culture establishment, shoot proliferation and rooting efficiency were studied. Multiple shoots were also subjected to gamma irradiation to study their in vitro variations. Gamma irradiation of bud woods induced inhibition and reduction in sprouting and survival. Growth retardation exhibited in the form of reduction in plant height and number of branches. The cultivars showwed no significant interaction with different doses of gamma rays for sprouting and survival. The ED50 was estimated as 38Gy. One reddish yellow mutant was isolated from cv. Folklore from 30 Gy treated population and one mutant for increased number of petals from 40 Gy treated population of the same cultivar. In addition, gamma exposure induced variation in size and shape of leaves at 30 and 40 Gy. The treatment of mercuric chloride 0.08 per cent for 12 minutes had the minimum contamination rate for shoot tip and axillary bud explants, and 0.06 per cent for 12 minutes was most effective in the case of internodal segments and leaf disc explants. Axillary buds of 1.0 cm length for enhanced release of axillary bud, internodal segments of 0.5 cm and leaf discs of 1.0 cm with a petiole portion for callus induction were identified as the most suitable explants. Axillary buds excised 4 days after flower opening had the best response in culture establishment. MS basal medium supplemented with BAP 2.5 mg/1+2,4-D 0.5 mg/1 recorded bud break percentage of 80 per cent within 4 days. Early multiple shoot induction and highest number of shoots/culture observed in medium supplemented with kinetin 2.0 mg/1 + GA3 1.0 mg/1. Addition of BAP 2.0 mg/1+ GA3 0.75 mg/1 was the best for getting highest percentage of cultures with multiple shoots. Flower bud initiation was observed in combination of BAP 2.0 MG/1 + GA3 0.5 MG/1. The best medium for in vitro rooting was found to be IAA and NAA 1.0 mg/1 each, along with activated charcoal 500 mg/1. Successful hardening and ex vitro establishment of plantlets were achieved by surface inoculation of germinated spores of mycorrhizae (VAM) in liquid suspension. Highest survival rate of 66.67 per cent was observed by inoculation with Glomus etunicatum against no plants in the untreated lot. Minimum number of days to flowering (105) was taken in plantlets inoculated with G. etunicatum BAP 0.5 mg/1 + NAA 2.0 mg/1 +2, 4-D 0.5 mg/1 was the best combination for callus induction and BAP 0.5 mg/1 + NAA 0.1 mg/1 + ascorbic acid 5 mg/1 had the highest callus proliferation. In vitro rhizogenesis obtained from internodal and leaf calli in MS medium supplemented with BAP 0.5 mg/1 + NAA 2.5 MG/1 + 2, 4-D 0.5 mg/1. Gamma irradiation of axillary buds delayed bud break, reduced percentage of bud break, multiple shoot production and rooting efficiency and also induced morphological variations in leaf and growth pattern. The estimated value for ED50 was 33 Gy under in vitro culture. Exposure of multiple shoots to gamma rays induced several morphological abnormalities and reduced the shoot production and rooting efficiency.