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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Biotechnology and Molecular Biology × Author: Ramesh × End date: 2020 × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Cloning and characterization of fusarium wilt resistance gene analogs in banana (Musa spp.)
    (Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2016) Ramesh; KAU; Valsala, P A
    Banana is one of the important fruit crops of India. It is susceptible to several fungal pathogens, nematodes, viruses and insect pests. The greatest threats to global banana production are Fusarium wilt or Panama wilt caused by Fusariumoxysporumf. sp. cubense (Foc). Control of the pathogen is difficult and mainly involves the use of disease free suckers. Although disease resistance exists in some banana cultivars, introducing resistance into commercial cultivars by conventional breeding is difficult due to its triploid nature and sterility factors of banana. The study entitled "Cloning and characterization of Fusarium wilt resistance gene analogs in banana (Musa spp.)" was carried out at the Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Vellanikkara during the period 2013- 2015 with an objective to PCR amplify the genomic DNA from Fusarium wilt resistant banana genotype with primers specific to ‘R’ genes of TIR-NBS-LRR class for cloning and characterization of resistant gene analogs. 105 Palayankodanresistant (Mysore Poovan AAB) and Poovan susceptible(Rasthali AAB)varieties of banana were used for the present study.Fusarium culture was isolated from roots of infected banana plant and cultured inPDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) media. Fungal spore was suspended in sterile water and filled in small polythene bag. Artificial inoculation – root feeding of inoculum of water suspension was done. The symptoms of Fusarium wilt was observed two months after infection. Results confirmed resistance of Palayankodan and susceptibility of Poovan The DNA was isolated from Palayankodan (resistant) and Poovan (susceptible)genotypesand isolated DNA was subjected to RNase treatment. Quality checking was done using 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis and quantity analysis was done using nanodrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer. Thirty five ng of DNA was used as template DNA for PCR amplification using reported degenerate primers. Twenty five primer combinations were made using five pair of degenerate primers. Among those combinations only one primer combination F9(F)+F6(R) showed polymorphic band of 700bp which was eluted, purified and cloned in pGEMT easy vector system.The presence of insert was confirmed by colony PCR and the eluted product was sequenced by outsourcing. The sequence obtained was subjected Blastn, Blastx and Blastp analysis and was compared with NCBI database. The sequence showed similarity with NBS-LLR resistant gene of Musa spp. Open reading frames (ORFs) were also identified using ORF finder software and four ORFs were identified For further validation, new primers were designed from 675 bp region of NBS-LLR class of resistant gene using primer3 plus software with an expected band size of 430bp. The DNA from both infected and healthy samples were amplified with designed primers and the expected bands were obtained in DNA samples of healthy 106 (resistant) plants where as it was absent in DNA samples of infected (susceptible) plants. The degenerate primer F9(F)+F6(R) and designed primer FTGAGCAGCATCGCCTA. R- GCCTGACACCAGTGAAGC can be used for Fusarium wilt disease diagnostics. Sequence information with respect to above primers amplicons can be used for synthesis of gene construct for genetic engineering.