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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Biotechnology and Molecular Biology × Author: Goradevaishali, Shivaji × End date: 2020 × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Identification of molecular marker for self-incompatibility in selected germplasm accessions of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)
    (College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2015) Goradevaishali, Shivaji; KAU; Abida, P S
    Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a diploid species (2n = 2X = 20) with a small genome size of 380Mbp. It belongs to the family of Malvaceae (alternatively Sterculianceae). Theobroma cacao L. is a highly cross pollinated crop due to its peculiar flower structure and existence of self-incompatibility. Self-incompatibility is exploited in hybridization process of breeding programmes and also in selecting clones for polyclonal garden. Traditional method to access self- incompatibility is by hand pollinating 100 flowers per tree. This is very tedious and time consuming method. This necessitated the identification of a marker associated with self-incompatibility. The cocoa germplasm accessions are maintained at Cocoa Research Centre, KAU, Vellanikkara. The centre has identified and maintained Selfincompatible and self-compatible cocoa accessions. Self-incompatibility was manually assessed by selfing 100 flowers per accessions. The cocoa accession setting fruits on selfing classified as self-compatible and which do not set fruit as self-incompatible. Five self-incompatible [IMC 20, PNG 299, IMC 105, ICS 5 and R 10 (MEX)] and five self-compatible cocoa accessions (NA 149, EET 397, SIC 5, POUND 18, GV 13.5) were selected for the present study. Isolation of good genomic DNA from all self-incompatible and self-compatible accessions of cocoa was carried out from the young leaves; using Doyle and Doyle (1987) method was used for analysis of RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments were generated in the bulked DNA samples in order to identify markers that were polymorphic between self-incompatible and self-compatible plants. Among the 76 RAPD primers screened, 15 primers were selected based on amplification. A 550 basepairs (bp) DNA fragments were generated with RN-6 primers in three selfcompatible specific genotypes. The polymorphic band was cloned and sequenced at SciGenom Pvt. Ltd., Cochin. The sequence analysis gave no information to develop SCAR marker. In Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) assay, among the 42 primers screened initially, 20 primers were selected for the study. There was no polymorphism between self-compatible and self-incompatible genotypes. Additionally Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) assay was also performed with genome specific primers. Total genomic DNA of the self-incompatible and self-compatible accessions was amplified with 11 SSR primers and out of them seven primers were selected. The primer mTcCIR 33 yielded distinctly polymorphic band of 350-400bp size in self-incompatible genotypes. mTcCIR 33 SSR primer also produced polymorphic band obtained on PAGE. The PCR product was directly sequenced at SciGenom Pvt. Ltd., Cochin. The sequence analysis showed 86 per cent identity to Theobromo cacao. More number of genus specific primers has to be screened to develop better markers to distinguish self-comptability and self-incompatability in cocoa or an attempt to biochemical markers can also be resorted.