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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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19834
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Subject: Animal Reproduction and Gynecology × End date: 1983 × Start date: 1983 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Prostaglandin administration in improving the breeding efficiency of suboestrous cows
    (Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1983) Rajagopalan Nair, R; KAU; Madhavan, E
    The object of the study was to find the incidence of postpartum suboestrum in crossbred cattle and to evaluate the efficiency of PGF2 alpha (Estrumate) in the treatment of suboestrum. For this, the crossbred cows belonging to the University Livestock Farm, Mannuthy which were reported to be anoestrous even after 45 days postpartum were subjected to detailed clinic gynaecological examination and those having palpable corpus luteum were considered as suboestrous. Among these, 54 cows which had an active corpus luteum of 7 – 14 days of age were given 500 microgram of Estrumate and the result of the treatment was assessed. The observations made and inferences drawn are summarised below. The incidence of postpartum suboestrum in the herd was 45.68% and in the reportedly anoestrous animals 71.84% were suboestrous. In all, 98.15% cows exhibited cestrus at an average interval of 53.2075 + 1.038 hours, after the administration of the drug. Among these 92.45% ovulated at an average interval of 82.6122 + 2.0015 hours after the administration of Estrumate. The percentage of treated animals which conceived at first insemination was 43.4. The conception rate in the induced heat was significantly influenced by the intensity of heat. The number of inseminations required per conception did not vary significantly from that of the rest of the herd. The service period of the treated animals was significantly shorter (92.4583 + 3.5394) than that of the herd (135.11 + 6.9742) days. In short, it may be stated that PGF2 alpha analogue, Estrumate, was effective in the induction of ovulatory oestrum with satisfactory fertility in the suboestrous cows.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Preliminary trials on presservation of buck semen in glycerol containing diluents
    (Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1983) Aswini Kumar, Sarma; KAU; Matai, E
    A systematic study was carried out on normal characteristics and preservation of buck semen in chilled and frozen conditions. A total of 240 ejaculates from 3 Malabari and 3 Alpine X Malabari bucks were utilized for the study on normal semen characteristics. The overall average reaction time was 98.86 + 4.309 seconds. Significant positive correlation between reaction time and mass activity was observed. The mean semen volume was found to be 0.55 + 0.017 and 0.72 + 0.015 ml in Mala bari and Alpine X Malabari bucks respectively. Semen volume was significantly higher in cross bred bucks. The colour of buck semen varied from milky yellow to cremy white. The overall density score of buck semen was 3.52 + 0.030 out of four. Mean values for pH of Malabari and Alpine X Malabari semen were 6.74 + 0.026 and 6.74 + 0.019 respectively. Mass activity varied significantly between bucks. Significant difference was noted in motility percentage between breeds. Initial motility was having significant positive correlation with the live sperm percentage. The overall mean live sperm percentage was 90.64 + 0.317. Significant difference in sperm concentration was observed between bucks. Average total sperm abnormalities of 1.65 + 0.183 and 1.14 + 0.093 per cent were noted in Malabari and Alpine X Malabari bucks respectively. Effect of room temperature and refrigeration temperature glycerolisation of Tris and reconstituted skim milk diluents, each having 0, 1,3 and 7 per cent glycerol, on preservability of buck spermatozoa was studied. Motility and abnormality assessment were made at zero hour to 144 hours, at 24 hours interval. Skim milk diluent with seven per cent glycerol at refrigeration temperature glycerolisation preserved above 30 per cent sperm motility up to 72 hours of storage. No added advantage could be observed in the addition of glycerol at room temperature in skim milk diluent. Tris diluent with one per cent glycerol was found to be suitable for preservation of buck spermatozoa at 5°C, in room temperature and refrigeration temperature glycerolisation. Refrigeration temperature glycerolisation was found to be significantly superior to room temperature glycerolisation in preserving motility percentage in both the Tris and skim milk diluents. In both the diluents, total abnormality percentages at room temperature glycerolisation were significantly higher than that at refrigeration temperature glycerolisation. With both methods of glycerolisation in Tris and skim milk, the total abnormality percentages were higher as the level of glyoerol increased. The present study revealed an increase in acrosomal defects with the advancement of storage period. The occurence of acrosomal defects was significantly higher in room temperature glycerolisation. ill four ejaculates each from six bucks were diluted in Tris and skim milk diluents each with seven per cent glycerol, to study the effect of deep freezing and post-thawing motility. The average post-thawing motility in Tris and skim milk diluent was 44.44 and 31.06 per cent respectively. Tris diluent was found significantly superior to skim milk diluent for freezing buck spermatozoa.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Influence of dextrose on fertility of repeat breeding cows
    (Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1983) Naveen, P K; KAU; Mathai, E
    A study was conducted to assess the efficacy of intrauterine administration of dextrose after insemination in improving the breeding efficiency of repeaters. Post – insemination intra – uterine administration of 50 ml of 15 per cent dextrose to 147 repeate breeders resulted in a conception rate of 47.62 per cent as against 15.38 per cent in 13 controls. The difference in the conception rate of animals in the treatment and control group was highly significant (P < 0.01). For analysis, the data on the treatment and control animals were grouped on the basis of blood glucose level, parity, age, post – partum interval in months, number of previous unsuccessful inseminations and type of semen used for insemination. The conception rate of 66.67 per cent was obtained in animals having low blood glucose level (upto 45 mg/100 ml) as against 41.77 per cent in those which had high blood glucose level (56 mg/100 ml and more). Significant statistical association between the conception rate and blood glucose level was observed. The blood glucose level of normal cows (59.79 + 1.63 mg/100 ml) which settled to one or two inseminations was significantly higher than that of repeaters (53.02 + 0.69 mg/100 ml). The conception rate was higher in cows (52.13 per cent) than in heifers (39.62 per cent) though, the blood glucose levels did not show significant variations between the two groups. The parity did not influence the blood glucose level significantly, however, a positive association was observed with parity and fertility. A positive correlation was observed between the age and fertility also. However, blood glucose level did not show a significant variation between age groups. Highest fertility rats (59.38 per cent) was obtained in animals inseminated with frozen semen and lowest (36.96 per cent) in those animals inseminated with CME semen. However, there was no significant difference in blood glucose levels. Administration of a combination of dextrose and antibiotics after insemination was found to increase the conception rate in repeaters which failed to conceive to post – insemination dextrose therapy. Post – insemination intra – uterine administration of dextrose alone or dextrose with antibiotics increased conception rate in repeat breeders.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Therapy for anoestrum in crossbred cattle
    (Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1983) Kurien, M O; KAU; Madhavan, E
    The object of the study was to assess the efficacy of ‘Clomiphene Citrate’ (‘Fertivet FVT 300’) and oestrogen and progesterone (‘Secrodyl’) in the treatment of ‘true anoestrum’ in crossbred cows and heifers. As an integral part of the study, the incidence of anoestrum among crossbred cows and heifers was also assessed. The material for the investigation involved 575 cows and 446 crossbred heifers belonging to the University Livestock Farm and animals brought for examination in infertility caps. Though, the reported cases of anoestrum was 31.3 per cent and 36.99 per cent among cows and heifers respectively, detailed gynaeco – clinical examination revealed a lesser incidence of 9.74 and 13.68 percentage of ‘true anoestrum’ among cows and heifers respectively. The experimental animals were allotted randomly into two groups, consisting of 28 cows and 41 heifers in group I and 28 cows and 20 heifers in group II. Nineteen cows and 33 heifers in group I were administered orally one tablet of ‘Fertivet’ FVT 300’ for five consecutive days, keeping 9 cows and 8 heifers as control. Twenty cows and 14 heifers in group II were given one ml of ‘Secrodyl’ intramuscularly for five consecutive days, while 8 cows and 6 heifers were kept as control. The experimental animals were watched for signs of heat and confirmed by rectal examination. Pregnancy diagnosis was done 45 to 60 days after insemination. Those which failed to conceive at first insemination were reinseminated at the subsequent heats. ‘Fertivet’ was capable of including ovulatory oestrum in 68.42 percent of cows and 63.64 per cent of heifers in ‘true anoestrum’ while only 33.33 per cent cows and 37.50 per cent of heifers came into heat in the control group. The variation was statistically significant. Similarly, the conception rate at the induced heat was 42.11 per cent in cows and 33.30 per cent in heifers when treated with ‘Fertivet’, while only 11.11 per cent of cows conceived in the control group. Among control heifers none of them conceived at the induced heat. Statistical analysis showed significant variation between the two groups in the conception rate. The overall conception rate by subsequent insemination was 57.89 per cent in cows and 42.42 per cent in heifers while the corresponding figures in the control animals were only 22.22 per cent and 25 per cent. This variation was also significant. Treatment with ‘Secrodyl’ could induce ovulatory oestrum in 50 per cent of cows and 50 per cent of heifers, while the response in the control group was only 25 per cent among cows. None of the heifers in the control group showed ovulatory oestrum. The difference was statistically significant. Significant variation was also observed in the conception rate at the induced heat between the experimental and control groups, values being 15 per cent for cows and 14.28 per cent for heifers in the treated groups and 12.5 per cent for cows and none for heifers in the control group. The overall conception also showed significant variation between the two groups among cows and heifers. The overall efficiency of ‘Fertivet’ and ‘Secrodyl’ among cows and heifers revealed that 60.28 per cent showed ovulatory oestrum among 52 animals when treated with ‘Fertivet’ while among 34 animals only 50 per cent showed ovulatory oestrum when treated with ‘Secrodyl’, the variation being significant. Significant variation was also observed in the conception rate at the induced heat, the values being 34.61 per cent when treated with ‘Fertivet’ and 14.71 per cent when treated with ‘Secrodyl’. The overall conception rate was also higher (48.08 per cent) when treated with ‘Fertivet’ than when treated with ‘Secrodyl’ (29.41 per cent).