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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Animal Reproduction and Gynecology × Author: KAU × End date: 1997 × Start date: 1997 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Superovulation and embryo recovery in rabbits
    (Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1997) Sathesh Kumar, S; KAU; Suresh Nair, S P
    Superovulation was induced in Newzealand White and Sovira. Chinchilla breeds of rabbits by administration of a single dose of 150 IU PMSG followed by double mating at induced cycle and 150 IU HCG soon after second mating to induce ovulation. The onset and intensity of oestrum, number of ovulations, embryo recovery and quality of embryos were studied and compared with those of the controls of the respective breeds. The mean interval from PMSG administration to onset of oestrus in both the breeds was 56.0 + 5.1 h. It was further observed that most of the treated animals showed intense oestrum when compared to controls. The ovulation rate based on the number of corporalutea in control animals of Newzealand White breed was 4.7 + 1.2 as against 22.0 ± 1.35 in the treated group. There was significant difference (P<0.01) in the ovulation rate between the groups. The percentages of embryo recovery, fertile embryos and transferrable embryos in the control group were 47.22, 86.7 and 92.3 while those of the treatment group were 31.67, 100 and 87.8 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. While the control animals in Soviet Chinchilla breed has an ovulation rate of 6.7 ± 0.65, the treated rabbits showed a higher ovulation rate of 20.0 ± 3.2. There was significantly higher ovulation rate (P<0.01) in treated group when compared to controls. The embryo recovery rate, fertilized embryos and transferrable embryos in the control group were 53.33 per cent, 77.8 per cent and 93.8 per cent respectively. The corresponding values in the treatment group were 36.27 per cent, 69.82 per cent and 93.1 per cent respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups. No breed influence on the above parameters could also be noticed in this study It may be concluded that superovulation could be successfully induced in Newzealand White and Soviet Chinchilla breeds of rabbits with single dose of 150 IU PMSG, followed by 150 IU HCG soon after second mating. Eventhough there was superovulation, the embryo recovery rate was comparatively lower in the treated group probably on account of an altered oestrogen-progesterone profile interfering with the transport of the zygote, however the fertilization rate and the quality of the embryos were unaffected with the superovulation treatment.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Hormonal induction of oestrus in bitches
    (Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1997) Shibu Simon; KAU; Athman, K V
    With a view to make commercial dog breeding a viable enterprise, a study was undertaken to induce fertile oestrus in anoestrous bitches. A preliminary survey was also carried out ill IIl1d around Thrissur to elucidate the reproductive parameters and breeding practices in relation to feeding, housing and managemental practices adopted by the dog breeders. The survey carried out in 100 bitches revealed that the mean of puberty, oestrus interval, duration of bleeding, duration of oestrus, number of matings, duration of muting, gestation period, duration of whelping and litter size was respectively, 11.4 months, 6.8 months, 8.5 days, 7.6 days, 1.74 times, 16.2 minutes, 61.9 days, 5.3 hours and 6 pups. The conception rate was found to be 49.2 per cent. The percentage incidence of perinatal mortality of pups and pseudopregnancy in bitches was observed to be 15.8 and 3.2. Most of the managemental factors were not found to significantly influence the tl productive parameters covered in the survey. However, conception rate and litter size in bitches kept along with males was higher probably on account of the fact that more number of rnatings were allowed during oestrus. Twenty four anoestrus bitches aged 2 to 6 years were randomly allotted to four groups of 6 bitches each. While group J received 20 IU/kg PMSG for 5 consecutive days, group If received PMSG nl the satuv dose rute as ill ----- --- \'1 \~~~ group I followed by 500 IU of hea. While group III received clomiphene curate 50 mg daily for 5 days, group IV was eated as control. Exfoliative vaginal cytology was studied in all the bitches from day 1 to 19 of treatment. All bitches were given natural scrvite/1l1tificial insemination ill the induced oestrus. In group I, 83.3 per cent of bitches came: to oestrus at a mean of 12 days from the beginning of treatment and gave 1I conception rate of 50 per cent with a III ea 11 litter size of 3.3. III group 11, cventhough a similar percentage of bitches CUIlIC to oestrus at U fJleUII of 13.8 days, hut a conception rate of 33.3 pcr cent was obtained with a mean litter ~llC of 2.5. In contrast, in groups III and IV, none of the bitches came to oestrus and concci vcd. The response to treatment in groups I and Il with respect tu the duration and intensity of pro- oestrus and oestrus, acceptance, conception and litter size was comparatively lower in the induced oestrus than ill natural oestrus. Similarly, the anuclcar cell peaks in these two groups were much lower than that reported in natural oestrus. It is concluded that, bitches in anoestrus could be induced to come into fertile oestrus with PMSG alone or in combination with hCa eventhough the conception rate was lower than in natural oestrus. Since a better conception and litter size was obtained with PMSG alone and the cost of treatment is less in this protocol, it is preferred over a combination treatment of PMSG and hCG.