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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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20011
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Subject: Animal Reproduction and Gynecology × Author: Gopikrishnan, P × End date: 2004 × Start date: 2000 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of norgestamet and prostaglandinfalpha in crossbred heifers for augmenting fertility
    (Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 2001) Gopikrishnan, P; KAU; Vahida, A M
    With the objective of studying the effect of norgestamet-oestradiol and PGF2a treatment on oestrus synchronisation and to enhance the fertility rate in crossbred heifers at fixed time double insemination, forty-five cycling heifers, selected from Kerala Agricultural University Livestock Farms, were randomly allotted to three treatment groups, Group I, Il and Ill. Fifteen heifers of Group I were given 3 mg norgestamet implant kept in situ for nine days and an injection containing a combination of 3 mg norgestamet and 5 mg oestradiol valerate on the day of insertion of implant. While the fifteen heifers of Group Il were given double dose regimen of 15 mg PGF2a (luprostiol) at 11 days apart. Group III consisted of fifteen heifers that were kept as control. In both Groups I and Il, 14 heifers (93.33 per cent) each responded to the treatments. The time taken for the induction of oestrus in the Group I was 50.1 ± 4.58 hours as against 69.50 ± 1.34 hours in the Group 11. There was significant difference on the time of induction of oestrus between Group I and Group n. The duration of oestrus in the Group I was 27.8 ± l.09 hours, as against 28 ± 1.07 and 19 ± 0.33 hours respectively in Group II and Group III. Though analysis of variance showed no significant difference between Group I and Group Il, pairwise comparison showed no significant difference between Group I and Group Il. A higher percentage of heifers in Group I and II showed medium to high intensity of oestrus than Group Ill. The cervicovaginal mucus examination revealed an increase in typical fern pattern in Group I and II than Group Ill. The first, second and third service pregnancy rate in Group I were 21.42, 28.57 and 14.28 per cent respectively at fixed time artificial insemination, 48 and 72 hours after the removal of the implant, as against 42.86, 21.43 and 14.28 per cent at fixed time artificial insemination, 72 and 96 hour after the second injection of PGF2a in Group II. In Group III heifers 20 per cent each required one and three inseminations and 13.44 per cent required two inseminations to effect pregnancy. The overall pregnancy rate obtained for Group I, II and III were 64.27, 78.57 and 53.33 per cent respectively. The AI indices for Group I and II were 1.72 and 1.63 as against 2.13 of Group Ill. The present study reveals that though norgestamet- oestradiol and PGF2a could be effectively used for synchronisation of oestrus, use of PGF 2a is the better alternative for augmenting fertility in crossbred heifers.