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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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1995 - 19982
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Subject: Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics × End date: 1999 × Start date: 1991 ×
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Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Seasonal fertility of billy goats
    (Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1995) Ibraheem Kutty, C; KAU; Sudarsanan, V
    Biweekly data on body weight, scrotal circumference, testicular length and diameter and weekly data on semen parameters as volume, colour, pH, consistency, density, sperm concentration, mass activity, initial motility, sperm abnormality, vitality, metabolism and resistance to hyperosmotic medium of seven billy goats were pertaining to four seasons arrived at on the basis of a simultaneously kept daily record of maximum-minimum temperature, humidity and day length. It was statistically analysed to find out that the differences between seasons were significant to be attributed to the environmental variables. Mean body weight, scrotal circumference and testicular length and diameter were 43.62 ± 1.11 kg, 25.08 ± 0.12 cm, 8.57 ± 0.07 cm and 5.32 ± 0.03 cm respectively. There was no significant difference between the seasons except in testicular diameter and they were found to maintain an inverse relationship with day length and humidity. Mean volume, pH, initial motility, sperm concentration, total number of sperm per ejaculate, live sperm per cent, abnormal sperm per cent, MBR time and R value were 0.75 ± 0.04 ml, 6.25 ± 0.02, 73.51 ± 0.98 per cent, 3600 ± 144 millions/ml, 2660.6 ± 133.96 millions, 83.44 ± 0.76, 4.33 ± 0.43, 277.1 ± 14.27 seconds and 84.75 ± 12.39 ml respectively. There was no significant difference between seasons in these parameters except, pH, initial motility, live sperm per cent and R value. They were found to have a significant difference between seasons and were found to maintain either direct or indirect relationship with humidity and day length. Semen on extension with milk antibiotic extender and on storage under refrigeration was found to fast deteriorate rendering it unusable in 24 h. Semen on the day of collection and extension, was used for artificial insemination and result of insemination was found to be independent of the significant or nonsignificant seasonal differences of semen parameters. But, during the period of study, there were two peaks in conception and two peaks in birth corresponding to it. The pattern appeared to be an adjustment of reproduction by the female to the varying food availability and climate with little involvement of the male.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Preservation of dog semen in three extenders at refrigeration temperature
    (Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary and animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1998) Kadirvel, G; KAU; Sreekumaran, T
    With the ultimate objective of evolving a suitable diluent for preservation of dog semen at 4°C, semen was collected from six mongrel dogs maintained in kennels at Veterinary college hospital, Mannuthy. A total of 36 ejaculates, six from each dog was collected by digital manipulation and physical and morphological characters were evaluated. Three extenders viz., Egg Yolk Tris (TYT), Egg Yolk citrate glycine glucose (EYCGG) and Goat milk (GM) were used for preservation of semen. Sperm motility, percentage of live sperm, abnormal spermatozoa and acrosomal integrity were evaluated at 24 hours interval for five days after preservation at 4°C in the above extenders. Six out of seven dogs showed good response to digital manipulation and ejaculated good quality semen without teaser bitch. The overall mean volume of first, second and third fraction of semen was 0.63 ± 0.07 ml, 1.29 ± 0.08 ml and 4.12 ± 0.23 ml respectively. The colour and consistency of the first and third fraction was clear, watery and second fraction was thickmilkly to thin milkly. The average mass activity of sperm rich fraction of semen was ++(+) and the density was DD. The mean initial sperm motility was 86.67 ± 1.07 per cent. The mean pH of first, second and third fraction of semen was 6.24 ± 0.01, 6.36 ± 0.01 and 6.65 ± 0.02 respectively. The overall mean spermatozoal concentration of second fraction was 416.28 ± 22.56 million per ml and that third fraction was 6.11 ± 1.66 million per ml. The average total sperm output per ejaculate was 527.50 ± 29.46 million. The overall mean live sperm and abnormal sperm was 89.44 ± 0.57 and 7.59 ± 0.45 per cent. The percentage of acrosomal abnormality was 6.63 ± 0.38. The average time taken for reduction of methylene blue by dog semen was 26.40 ± 0.86 minutes. The mean percentage of sperm motility at 0,10,20 and 30 minutes of incubation (46.5°C) was 86.38 ± 1.04, 88.33 ± 1.13, 70.55 ± 1.26 and 53.2 ± 2.17 respectively. There was significant (Pminutes of incubation and sperm motility upto 5 days of preservation under refrigeration temperature. The percentage of sperm motility upto day 5 was significantly higher in Egg Yolk Tris (49.86 per cent) and Egg Yolk citrate Glycine Glucose (48.33 per cent) than in Goat milk (0 per cent). There was significantly higher percentage of live sperms and lower percentage of abnormal sperms and acrosomal damage in EYT and EYCGG than in GM. Eventhough the values are not statistically significant among EYT and EYCGG, EYT was found to have higher percentage of sperm motility and live sperm, lower percentage of abnormal sperms and acrosomal damage when compared to EYCGG. Besides EYT was also found to have better clarity for microscopical examination. Hence it could be inferred that Egg yolk tris is superior to Egg yolk citrate glycine glucose and goat milk for preservation of dog semen at 4°C.