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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Animal Nutrition × Author: KAU × End date: 1993 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the degradability of proteins and protected proteins in the rumen of cattle
    (Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, 1985) Sampath, K T; KAU; Sivaraman, E
    An investigation was carried out to determine the ruminal protein degradability of groundnut cake, gingelly cake, rubber seed cake, coconut cake yellow maize, wheat bran and guinea grass and to determine the correlation between their degradability in rumen and solubility in mineral solvents and autoclaved rumen fluid. The effect of heat treatment and the formaldehyde treatment on the protein degradability of groundnut cake, gingelly cake and rubber seed cake was also studied. The effect of different levels of degradable proteins in the ration on the rumen fermentation pattern in cows and on growth rate and digestibility of nutrients in calves were also studied. The degradability of proteins of the feed stuffs in the rumen were estimated employing the nylon bag technique using five fistulated cows. The effective protein degradability was determined using the formula P = a + bc where k is the c+k fractional outflow rate from the rumen and a, b and c are the constants of the exponential equation p = a + b (1 – e–ct). The effective protein degradability values of groundnut cake, gingelly cake, rubber seed cake, coconut cake, yellow maize, wheat bran and guinea grass at a rumen outflow rate of 0.05/h were 66.76, 85.12, 68.12, 68.61, 19.09, 22.83, 77.02 and 41.50 per cent respectively. Among the oil cakes coconut cake was least degradable in the rumen and was found to be a good source of bypass protein for ruminants. Heat treatment (1500C for 2 hours) reduced the protein degradability of groundnut cake, gingelly cake and rubber seed cake by 83.18, 76.80 and 70.10 per cent respectively at an outflow rate of 0.05/h and the formaldehyde treatment (1 g/100g CP) reduced the protein degradability of these cakes by 55.98, 45.45 and 44.33 per cent respectively at the same outflow rate. Significant correlations were observed between protein degradability of feed stuffs in the rumen and their solubility in 0.15 M sodium chloride (r = 0.79), McDoughal’s artificial saliva (r = 0.74) and autoclaved rumen fluid (r = 0.81). No correlation could be observed between the protein degradability in the rumen and the solubility in Burroughs mineral solution. A significantly high correlation (r = 0.91) was also observed between protein degradability in the rumen and the percentage of protein loss from control bags due to washing. Rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration were significantly higher in the animals receiving rations with higher levels (76.90%) of degradable proteins. The total volatile fatty acid concentration was significantly high in the animals receiving rations with lower levels (45.30%) of degradable protein. The effect of three levels (44.50, 60.50 and 71.30 per cent) of degradable proteins in the ration on growth and digestibility of nutrients was studied using 18 growing calves divided into three groups. The final body weight and the daily weight gain of the calves receiving the lower levels (44.50%) of degradable protein in the ration were significantly high as compared with those obtained in the case of calves receiving higher levels (60.50 and 71.30%) of degradable protein. The drymatter intake and the digestibility of nutrients of the rations were not influenced by the level of degradable proteins in the ration. The optimum level of degradable protein sufficient to support growth was found to be 45 per cent.