Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Open Access
Studies on the performance of two groundnut varieties, TMV-2 and TMV-9, under graded doses of phosphorus and potassium.
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1978) Purushothaman Nair, N; KAU; Sadanandan, N
Open Access
Effect of phospherus nutrition liming and rhizobial inculation on soybean
(Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1979) Kurian, T M; KAU; Vikraman, R
An experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm attached to the College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara during July to October 1978, to study the effect of phosphorus nutrition, liming and rhizobial inoculation on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril). The investigation was taken up with the objective of arriving at the phosphorus requirement of the crop, assessing the response to liming and evaluating the effect of rhizobial inoculation. The trial was also aimed at studying the possible interaction effects between these factors. The experiment was laid out as a factorial in randomized block design with 16 treatments and 3 replications. The study revealed that applied phosphorus did not significantly affect any of the growth characters consistently. Grain yield and yield attributes were also unaffected but stover yield increased with higher doses of applied phosphorus. In general, nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium contents in plant components were unaffected by levels of phosphorus, liming and rhizobial inoculation. Uptake of these nutrients also remained almost unchanged. At harvest, nitrogen uptake by seeds constituted 44 per cent of the total, remaining being accumulated in stem + petiole and shell. In the case of phosphorus, 86.9 per cent of the total accumulation was in seeds, 6.0 percent and 7.1 per cent being in stem + petiole and shell respectively. Calcium being an immobile nutrient and an element not translocated within the plant, proportion of uptake of calcium in various components of the plant was different from that of nitrogen and phosphorus. In contrast to nitrogen and phosphorus, only 24.9 per cent of the total was found in seeds whereas 36.3 per cent and 38.8 per cent of it were concentrated in stem + petiole and shell respectively. Levels of phosphorus, had no effect on total nitrogen and available potassium contents of soil after harvest of the crop but there was a notable increase in available phosphorus and decrease in exchangeable calcium. Liming and rhizobial inoculation did not have any conspicuous effect on the content of nutrients in soil.
Open Access
Intercropping tapioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) with pulses and groundnut
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1978) Ramakrishna Bhat, H; KAU; Sadanandan, N
An experiment was conducted in the College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the year 1977-1978 to study the performance of tapioca intercropped with different legumes (Blackgram, cowpea, greengram and groundnut) applied with different fertilizer, half the recommended dose and full recommeded dose). The experiment was laid out in a randomised block design with three replications. The experiment was conducted under rainfed conditions. The results revealed that the growth as measured from height and number of leaves and yield of tapioca as adjudged by the various yield attributes was not depressed by growing the four legumes at the three levels of fertilizers. On the other hand the quality and size of tapioca tubers were improved due to legume intercropping. The dry matter content, starch content and the HCN content of tapioca tubers were increased significantly due to growing of legumes in association with tapioca.
Open Access
Nutritional requirement of green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1980) Savithri, K E; KAU; Madhavan Nair, K P
An experiment was conducted In the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayni during 1979 to study the effect of three levels in each of nitrogen (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha), phosphorus (30, 45 end 60 kg/ha) and potash (10, 20 and 50 kg/ha) on growth, yield and quality of green gram (Vlgna radiata) grown in rice fallows. The experiment was laid out as 3 partially confounded factorial experiment with two replications, confounding NPK in replication I and NPK2 in replication II Tho study revealed that nitrogen, phosphorus and potash had on influence on height and number of leaves, but not on nodulatlon. The yield contributing factors sanely number of flowers sad number of pods per plant, length of pod and number of seeds per pod ware not influenced by the treatments, Weight of seeds per plant was significantly increased by the highest level of potash and 100 seed weight by higher levels of phosphorus, while highest level of nitrogen significantly decreased tho 100 seed weight. Maximum grain yield of 538 kg/ha was obtained with the highest level of potash.Dry natter yield was also influenced by potash and bhusa yield by nitrogen.
Open Access
Studies on the effect of multiple cropping on soil fertility and crop yields in wet land
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1978) Sasidhar, V K; KAU; Sadanandan, N
The problem entitled "Studies on the effect of multiple cropping on soil fertility and crop yields in wet land" was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum during the years 1974-76 to assess the effect of five cropping patterns, viz, rice-rice-sweet potato, rice-rice-cowpea, rice-rice-sesamum, rice-rice- groundnut and rice-rice-rice on the various physical and chemical properties of soil and yield of crops and finally to find out the most suitable and efficient cropping pattern. The study revealed that rice-rice-groundnut was the most efficient and suitable cropping pattern for the wet land. The maximum yield per hectare as well as per day was recorded by sweet potato and the minimum by sesamum. While the maximum annual yield was recorded by the cropping pattern rice-rice-sweet potato, the minimum was from the cropping pattern rice-rice-sesamum during both the years. The dry matter production per hectare per year from individual cropping patterns was maximum in rice-rice- sweet potato and minimum in rice-rice-cowpea during the first year and the corresponding rotations were rice-rice- groundnut and rice-rice-sesamum during the second year. The maximum economic returns were obtained from the cropping pattern rice-rice-groundnut during both the years. While the minimum economic returns were obtained from the cropping pattern rice-rice-cowpea during the first year it was from rice-rice-rice during the second year.. Soil fertility studies showed that cropping pattern rice-rice-sweet potato resulted in decrease in bulk density, pH and total nitrogen and increase in water stable aggregates, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, C : N ratio, extractable phosphorus, exchangeable potash, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable, magnesium, and exchangeable hydrogen. The cropping pattern rice-rice-cowpea resulted in decrease in bulk density, pH, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, c : 11 ratio, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium and increase in water stable aggregates, total nitrogen, extractable phosphorus, exchangeable potash and / exchangeable hydrogen. While there was decrease in bulk density, pH and total nitrogen there was increase in cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, G : N ratio, extractable phosphorus, exchangeable potash, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable hydrogen in the cropping pattern rice-rice-sesamum. The rice-rice-groundnut cropping pattern resulted in decrease in bulk density, pH,cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, G : W ratio and increase in,water stable aggregates, total nitrogen, extractable phosphorus, exchangeable potash, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable hydrogen. However, cropping pattern rice-rice-rice resulted in increase in bulk density, 0 * N ratio, exchangeable hydrogen and decrease in water stable aggregates, pH, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, extractable phosphorus, exchangeable potash, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium. While virippu rice was most efficient, in utilizing nitrogen for dry matter production, cowpea was least efficient in this regard. The groundnut crop showed maximum efficiency in the utilization of phosphorus and potash for dry matter production. While sesamum was least efficient in the case of phosphorus it was sweet potato in the case of potash. The highest and the lowest protein yields wereobtained during first and second years from the cropping /pattern rice-rice-groundnut and rice-rice-sesamum respectively
Open Access
Effect of nitrogen and spacing on the growth yield and quality of rice var Jyothi
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1979) Prabhakaran Thampi, C K; KAU; Madhavan Nair, K P
An investigation was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani during the late viruppu season in 1974 to study the effects of graded doses of nitrogen and different spacings on the growth, yield and quality of rice var. Jyothi. The levels of nitrogen tried were 30,60,90 and 120 kg/ha and the spacings adopted were 10cm * 10cm, 10cm*15 and 10cm *20cm. The experiment was laid out in a randomised block design.
Open Access
Nutritional requirement of black gram {Vigna mungo (L) Hepper}
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1980) Annamma George; KAU; Madhavan Nair, K P
An experiment was conducted in the Instructional farm attached to the College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 1979 to study the effect of three levels each of nitrogen (20, 30 and 40 kg /ha), phosphorus (30,45and 60 kg/ha) and potash (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) on growth and yield and quality of black gram grown in rice fallows
Open Access
Studies on the critical periods of weed infestation and effect of weed growth on yield and quality of a short duration rice
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1978) Abraham Varughese; KAU; Madhavan Nair, K P
An experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agriculture University during the second crop season, 1976-77 to study the critical periods of used infestation and effect of weed growth on the yield and quality of a duration rice ver. Triveni Simple randomised block design was adopted with 17 treatments. Band weeding was done to keep weed free conditions of 10,20 and 30 day intervals upto 60th day and for 1-60 days after transplanting. The above weed free periods with one unweeded control formed the 17 treatments.
Open Access
Effect of palm density and levels of NPK fertilizers on yield and quality of coconut
(Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 1978) Abraham, K G; KAU; Sadanandan, N
A spacing cum manurial experiment on host coast tail coconut palms initiated in 1964 at the Coconut Research Sub Station, Balaramapuram of Kerala Agricultural University was utilised in this investigations with the objective of (1) determining optimum level of NPK fertilizers and density of planting to obtain maximum yield (2) to study the quality of nuts in torns of copra and oil nut turn and (3) to study the correlations, if any of vegetative growth characters and soil and leaf nutrient status with yield. Three levels of NPK fertilizers (control no fertilizers , 340: 225:450 g and 680: 450: 900g NPK per palm per year) and three spacings (5.0 m *5.0 m, 7.5 m *7.5 m and 10.0m* 10.0m ) were included in the experiment

Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

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