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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Agronomy × Author: Anjana Devaraj, G × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2017 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Compatibility of herbicides and insecticides for tank mix application in wet seeded rice
    (Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 2017) Anjana Devaraj, G; KAU; Prameela, K P
    Weeds and insect pests are the major biotic constraints in rice production. Chemical methods of control of insects as well as weeds is very common in rice production. Separate application of the chemicals is expensive and labour intensive with the result that many farmers of Kerala adopt tank mix application of different chemicals without due consideration to efficacy and compatibility. The present study entitled “compatibility of herbicides and insecticides for tank mix application in wet seeded rice” was conducted in a farmer’s field at Alappad Kole lands of Thrissur district, from August 2016 to January 2017. The experiment aimed at studying the compatibility of two commonly used herbicides (bispyribac sodium and cyhalofop-butyl) with two new generation insecticides (flubendiamide and imidacloprid) for tank mix application in wet seeded rice. Another objective of the study was to assess the pest control efficiency of herbicides and insecticides. Out of 14 treatments, four treatments in the trial included sequential and mixed application of bispyribac sodium with two insecticides separately. The next four included cyhalofop-butyl substituted for bispyribac sodium. The remaining treatments were application of herbicides alone, hand weeding with and without application of insecticides and unweeded control. Weed spectrum of the experimental field included barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), hippo grass (Echinochloa stagnina) and red sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis) among grasses. Major broad leaf weed was water primrose (Ludwigia parviflora). Yellow nut sedge (Cyperus iria) was the only sedge species which was the major weed of the experimental plot. Treatments were studied for their phytotoxic effects on rice and no toxicity symptoms were observed in tank mix or sequential application. Weed counts, weed dry matter production and weed control efficiency were estimated at different stages of crop growth. Comparing sequential application and tank mix application of bispyribac sodium and flubendiamide, the mixed application resulted in high weed dry weight and low weed control efficiency. Yield parameters and yield were recorded low in this treatment. For sequential and combined applications of bispyribac sodium and imidacloprid, weed control efficiency, weed dry weight, yield and yield attributes were on par. Weed dry weight was low and weed control efficiency was high for mixed application of cyhalofop-butyl and flubendiamide. Yield and yield attributes were also high for this treatment. Weed dry weight, weed control efficiency, yield attributes and yield were comparable for sequential and mixed applications of cyhalofop-butyl and imidacloprid. Insect pest infestation was very low in the experimental field. Rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), white backed plant hopper (Sogatella furcifera), red spotted earhead bug (Menida versicolor) and yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) were the insect pests noted. Observation on insect count showed that there was no significant difference among treatments with respect to insect pest counts at 5, 7 and 11 days after spraying which was comparable to unweeded control. Hence efficacy of insecticides when tank mixed with herbicides could not be interpreted. Hand weeding was the best treatment in terms of weed control efficiency, yield and yield attributes. However, the highest B: C ratios were registered by the treatments cyhalofop-butyl + flubendiamide and bispyribac sodium + imidacloprid. Highest net return was recorded in bispyribac sodium + imidacloprid. Unweeded control recorded lowest values for yield and B: C ratio. With respect to efficacy of herbicides used, the study indicated that the two insecticides tried were compatible with cyhalofop-butyl. In the case of bispyribac sodium, the insecticide imidacloprid appeared to be compatible, but mixing of flubendiamide cannot be recommended since weed control efficiency was very low.