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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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20011
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Subject: Agronomy × Author: Alemayehu Ambaye Gebremedhin × Start date: 2001 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Drip irrigation and mulching in oriental pickling melon
    (Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture, Vellenikkara, 2001) Alemayehu Ambaye Gebremedhin; KAU; Joseph, P A
    A field experiment on drip irrigation and mulching on oriental pickling melon (Cucumis melo var. Conomon [L.] makino) was conducted during the summer season of December 1999 to April 2000 in the summer rice fallows of Agricultural Research Station, Mannuthy, Thrissur. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The treatments consisted of combinations of five schedules of irrigation (drip irrigation at 50, 75, 100 and 125 per cent Ep and basin method of irrigation once in three days @ 45 litres per pit as control) and three mulching treatments (control, paddy waste @ 3 kg pit" and low density black polythene mulch). In drip irrigation water was replenished daily according to Ep recorded in the previous day. The variety used in the study was Mudicode Local. The study revealed that, polythene mulching increased the soil moisture content, consumptive use, water use efficiency and completely checked the growth of weeds. It also increased soil temperature by 2°C and improved NPK content of leaves as compared to the control and paddy waste mulching. Because of this and other benefits, polythene mulching resulted in higher number of vines, length of vines, leaf number and leaf area index by 20.9, 19.6, 21.5 and 69.2 per cent respectively over the control with no mulch. Similarly increased fruit number, fruit weight per plant and fruit yield (t ha-1) by 27, 41.9 and 43.4 per cent respectively. The economic analysis also showed a considerable increases in net income and net profit per rupee invested by 64 and 43.6 per cent over the control. In the case of paddy waste mulching, its beneficial influences on soil temperature, weed growth, checking evaporation loss and in maintaining soil physical condition, were not as effective as polythene mulching. Hence its effect on growth, yield and net return on oriental pickling melon was not as good as that of polythene mulching, but it was better than with no mulching. Oriental pickling melon responded more to drip irrigation. Drip irrigation maintained favourable soil potential constantly without causing severe aeration problems due to its special capacity in providing water to plants at effective root zone, daily, at lower rate (2 I h-1) for longer period of time and at predetermined rate. Hence water content in the soil was always near field ~ .. capacity but unsaturated. Therefore slow and frequent watering eliminated wide fluctuation of soil moisture and resulted in better growth, yield, water use efficiency and higher net profit. Growth, yield and net income increased with increase in level of daily drip irrigation from 50 to 125 per cent Ep and reached the maximum at 14 (125% Ep). Drip irrigation at 125 and 100 per cent Ep increased vine number (8.5, 4.3), vine length (10.5, 7.2), leaf number (18.1, 9.8), leaf area index (40.9, 23.7), plant dry matter production (20.8, 13.3), fruit number per plant (23.5, 23.5) and fruit yield per plant (27.3,20) per cent respectively. The yields obtained from drip irrigation at 125, 100 and 75 per cent Ep were 34.82, 32.78 and 31.07 t ha" respectively as compared to the basin method with yield of27.31 t ha" and the increases in yield over control were more by 27.5,20 and 13.8 per cent respectively. These treatments also increased water saving by 13, 37 and 75 and net income by 47.6,36.7 and 27.9 per cent respectively over the basin method of irrigation. The combination of mulches and irrigation schedules increased fruit yield, water use efficiency, net profrt and net return per rupee invested over the individual effects of irrigation. Best fruit yield; net profrt and net return per rupee invested were obtained when the crop was drip irrigated at 125 per cent Ep combined with black polythene mulch. Second best treatment was the combination of drip irrigation at 100 per cent Ep with black polythene mulch. It is also worth to note that the combination of drip irrigation at 75 per cent Ep with polythene mulch or at 100 per cent Ep with paddy waste mulching emerged to be the third best treatments. The combination of 14M2, 13M2, bM2 and bM1 increased yield by 41.9, 25.6, 22.8 and 19.7 per cent, water saving by 13,37,75 and 37 percent and net return by 71.9, 45.6, 42.6 and 34.7 per cent respectively over the control (15) with similar mulching material.